{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:19:06Z","timestamp":1787840346167,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the biomechanical performance of various clear aligner models in comparison to a fixed appliance model, with a focus on tooth movement, stress distribution, and the potential risk of root resorption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A patient with a maxillary protrusion requiring first premolar extraction was selected for this study. Cone-beam computed tomography and 3D intraoral scanning were used to acquire DICOM data, which were processed into 3D models using Mimics and Geomagic Studio software. Various clear aligner models were designed (Model C1 with a palatal plate and Model C2 with a lingual retractor) and compared to a fixed appliance. Finite element analysis was performed using ABAQUS to simulate force application and analyze the displacement and stress distribution in the periodontal ligament (PDL) during anterior retraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clear aligners exhibited higher sagittal and vertical displacements than fixed appliances, with Model C1 showing a displacement of 0.304961 mm compared to 0.022658 mm for the fixed appliance. The Von Mises stress in the clear aligners (693.733 MPa for Model C1) was significantly lower than that in the fixed appliance (68,668.1 MPa). The stress distribution in the PDL was more evenly spread across the anterior teeth in the clear aligner models, whereas the fixed appliance concentrated the stress in specific areas. Model C1, with the palatal plate, reduced PDL stress and minimized root resorption risk during anterior retraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clear aligners, particularly Model C1 with a palatal plate, offer better control over torque and vertical movement, reducing the risk of root resorption compared to other aligner models. However, clear aligners exhibit greater displacement and PDL stress than fixed appliances, which have better control over posterior retention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_818_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T17:00:09Z","timestamp":1754931609000},"page":"S2632-S2634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of Tooth Movement and Anchorage Control in Clear Aligners versus Fixed Appliances: A Finite Element Analysis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Radhika","family":"Nair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Project Manager, InBrace, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03704-6","article-title":"Comparative assessment of orthodontic clear aligner versus fixed appliance for anterior retraction: A finite element study","volume":"24","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R2-20250930","first-page":"ZC26","article-title":"En-masse retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth by applying force from four different levels - a finite element study","volume":"8","author":"S","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R3-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.2319\/090418-646.1","article-title":"Comparison of achieved and predicted tooth movement of maxillary first molars and central incisors: First premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign","volume":"89","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R4-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.10.010","article-title":"The effects of lingual buttons, precision cuts, and patient-specific attachments during maxillary molar distalization with clear aligners: Comparison of finite element analysis","volume":"163","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R5-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2021.02.020","article-title":"The effects of aligner overtreatment on torque control and intrusion of incisors for anterior retraction with clear aligners: A finite-element study","volume":"162","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R6-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03340-0","article-title":"Effects of overtreatment with different attachment positions on maxillary anchorage enhancement with clear aligners: A finite element analysis study","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R7-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0695-z","article-title":"A comparison of treatment effectiveness between clear aligner and fixed appliance therapies","volume":"19","author":"Ke","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R8-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12353","article-title":"Effectiveness of clear aligner therapy for orthodontic treatment: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Robertson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"R9-20250930","article-title":"Biomechanical effects of bracketless appliance technology: A finite element method study","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Biomech"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_818_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:20:59Z","timestamp":1787836859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_818_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_818_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-12","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-12","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}