{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:31:48Z","timestamp":1787070708680,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n The aim of the study is to correlate between axial length of the eyeball and fundus changes and to know its importance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n It was an observational study conducted for a duration of 1 year in patients with myopia more than 1 D and axial length more than 24 mm. A total of 100 eyes were included in the study and all underwent thorough fundus examination. The findings were documented using retinal maps and fundus camera photography. Data were analyzed for statistical significance using Chi-square or categorical data.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The study showed five posterior fundus changes and three peripheral fundus changes to be frequently associated with axial myopia. The five posterior fundus changes were optic disc crescents, Fuchs spot, lacquer cracks, posterior staphyloma, and chorioretinal atrophy. The three peripheral fundus changes were the area of white without pressure, lattice, and retinal breaks. Four of these lesions, i.e., crescents, posterior staphyloma, chorioretinal atrophy, and white without pressure, were found to be very highly significant with increasing axial length.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Our study confirmed that there was a statistical significance in fundus changes with relation to axial length.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_828_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T15:05:34Z","timestamp":1657724734000},"page":"S649-S653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fundus Changes in High Myopia in Relation to Axial Length of the Globe"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Gajaraj Tulsidas","family":"Naik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences, Karwar, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashantkumar","family":"Achar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences, Karwar, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nameeth D. A.","family":"Dsouza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, K S Hegde Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Sameerudeen Moosa","family":"Beary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M20","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25957","article-title":"IMI \u2013 Defining and classifying myopia: A proposed set of standards for clinical and epidemiologic studies","volume":"60","author":"Flitcroft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R3-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.5","article-title":"IMI pathologic myopia","volume":"62","author":"Ohno-Matsui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R4-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(69)91004-6","article-title":"Unilateral high myopia with bilateral fundus changes","volume":"67","author":"Zauberman","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(71)91092-0","article-title":"Axial length measurements and fundus changes of the myopic eye","volume":"71","author":"Curtin","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(76)90129-X","article-title":"Peripheral chorioretinal lesions and axial length of the myopic eye","volume":"81","author":"Karlin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.9.1088","article-title":"Peripapillary crescent enlargement in highly myopic eyes evaluated by flourescein and indocyanine green angiography","volume":"87","author":"Yasuzumi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20250925","first-page":"215","article-title":"A natural history of Fuchs' spot: a long term follow-up study","volume":"28","author":"Fried","year":"1981","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(81)90170-7","article-title":"Pathological high myopia and choroidal neovascularization","volume":"91","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(75)90611-X","article-title":"Lacquer crack lesion in pathological high myopia","volume":"79","author":"Klein","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20250925","first-page":"76","article-title":"A clinical study of high myopia","volume":"5","author":"Jain","year":"1967","journal-title":"Orient Arch Opthalmol"},{"key":"R12-20250925","first-page":"719","article-title":"Peripheral retina in myopia","volume":"31","author":"Shukla","year":"1983","journal-title":"Indian journal of ophthalmology"},{"key":"R13-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.53.5.300","article-title":"Peripheral retina in myopia. With particular reference to retinal breaks","volume":"53","author":"Hyams","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-003-0836-0","article-title":"Reduction of retinal blood flow in high myopia","volume":"242","author":"Shimada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1979.01020010470017","article-title":"Normal and staphylomatous sclera of high myopia","volume":"97","author":"Iwamoto","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_828_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:35:10Z","timestamp":1787067310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_828_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_828_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-14","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-03","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}