{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:20:37Z","timestamp":1787840437220,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alveolar bone remodeling is a complicated biological process that is involved in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Recent studies have shown how exosomes, which are cell-secreted nanovesicles, influence cellular communication and encourage bone remodeling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty Wistar rats were used in a prospective experimental investigation and split into two groups: one received exosome-enriched medium as an experimental treatment, and the other was a control group. The maxillary first molars were subjected to 10 g of force for 21 days to induce orthodontic tooth movement. The control group was given saline, whereas the experimental group was given injections of exosome-enriched media around the periodontal ligament every two weeks. Bone remodeling and root resorption were measured using histological examination and micro-CT analysis. ELISA and TRAP staining were used to measure arbitrary indicators of osteoclast activity and inflammation, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The OTM distance of the experimental group was significantly greater (1.5 \u00b1 0.2 mm) than that of the control group (0.9 \u00b1 0.1 mm;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). The experimental group had 30% more osteoclasts, indicating increased alveolar bone resorption, according to micro-CT analysis. Histological analysis revealed that the group treated with exosomes had less inflammation and root resorption. Furthermore, ELISA verified that the experimental group had lower OPG levels and higher RANKL levels, suggesting faster bone remodeling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By encouraging alveolar bone remodeling and lowering inflammation, exosomes greatly improve orthodontic tooth mobility. According to these results, exosome-based treatments may be a viable additional treatment option to improve clinical results and hasten orthodontic tooth movement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_82_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:01:20Z","timestamp":1750208480000},"page":"S1267-S1269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploring the Role of Exosomes in Accelerating Orthodontic Tooth Movement"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Abdalwhab","family":"Zwiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Applied Sciences Private University, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Khursheed","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Research Fellow, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Younis","family":"Hajeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebtehal Dhyab M.","family":"Alserhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia Abdulrahman","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinan Mohammed","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nor Farid Bin Mohd","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zafrina","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Bangladesh Dental College, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201211138","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: Exosomes, microvesicles, and friends","volume":"200","author":"Raposo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"R2-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-101512-122326","article-title":"Biogenesis, secretion, and intercellular interactions of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles","volume":"30","author":"Colombo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"R3-20250618","first-page":"709598","article-title":"Exosomes in the osteoimmunological microenvironment: Novel therapeutic strategies for bone 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molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force","volume":"129","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R8-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.357","article-title":"Regulation of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by TGF-\u03b2through molecular interaction between Smad3 and Traf6","volume":"26","author":"Yasui","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied 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