{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:40:45Z","timestamp":1787071245246,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease. The disease has a cell-mediated immune reaction which is precipitated by a specific trigger which turns the self-peptides antigenic. The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the malignant transformation of oral LP (OLP) has always been debated. Establishing a definitive part played by HPV in the malignant transformation of OLP, would possibly provide screening for the viruses, HPV vaccination, and antiviral therapy along with conventional treatment in LP which could improve prognosis. This systematic review is to assess the role of HPV in the malignant transformation of OLP. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google. The information was extracted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. All full-text papers that assessed the association of HPV in malignant transformation of OLP were considered eligible. The outcome parameter included the malignant transformation of OLP. We found a total of 19 studies from which five were found suitable for the review. Results from this systematic review showed HPV is associated with OLP. There is an increased prevalence of HPV in the erosive-atrophic (EA) variant of OLP compared to non-EA variant. There seems to be no strong evidence to prove the association between HPV and malignant transformation of OLP. Taking up the oncogenic potential of high-risk types and OLP as a potentially malignant disorder, more number of studies need to be performed on the dysplastic subtype of OLP and in those OLP lesions that progress to oral squamous cell carcinomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_836_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T07:46:24Z","timestamp":1622879184000},"page":"S62-S67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Role of Human Papilloma Virus in Malignant Transformation of Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Aswathy K.","family":"Vijayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Muthukrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Vidyadharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparna M.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(03)00161-6","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: Progress in understanding its malignant potential and the implications for clinical management","volume":"96","author":"Epstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R2-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.11.007","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: Malignant transformation and human papillomavirus: a review of potential clinical implications","volume":"111","author":"Gorsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R3-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2008.00662.x","article-title":"The reported prevalence of oral lichen planus: A review and critique","volume":"37","author":"McCartan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R4-20241204","first-page":"363","article-title":"Human papillomavirus in oral lesions","volume":"67","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"R5-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2011.01792.x","article-title":"Human papillomaviruses in oral carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Syrj\u00e4nen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R6-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12020","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and oral disease \u2013 Emerging evidence: A review","volume":"58","author":"Prabhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"R7-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.011478-0","article-title":"Characterization of seven novel human papillomavirus types isolated from cutaneous tissue, but also present in mucosal lesions","volume":"90","author":"de Villiers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R8-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1086\/597755","article-title":"Oral sexual behaviors associated with prevalent oral human papillomavirus infection","volume":"199","author":"D'Souza","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R9-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3928","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms12063928","article-title":"Oral HPV infection and sexuality: A cross-sectional study in women","volume":"12","author":"Ragin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R10-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1086\/381504","article-title":"Oral human papillomavirus infection in adults is associated with sexual behavior and HIV serostatus","volume":"189","author":"Kreimer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R11-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2011.0297","article-title":"Human papilloma virus infections in the oralmucosa","volume":"142","author":"Jand","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R12-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1987.tb00480.x","article-title":"Oral lichen planus \u2013 A demographic study","volume":"15","author":"Axell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"R13-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1990.tb00841.x","article-title":"Human papilloma virus in erosive oral lichen planus","volume":"19","author":"Jontell","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R14-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2009.00516.x","article-title":"Progressive increase of human papillomavirus carriage rates in potentially malignant and malignant oral disorders with increasing malignant potential","volume":"24","author":"Szarka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"R15-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2012.04.009","article-title":"Human papillomavirus in oral atrophic lichen planus lesions","volume":"48","author":"Mattila","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"R16-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.164528","article-title":"Prevalence of human papillomavirus in oral lichen planus in an Iranian cohort","volume":"19","author":"Sahebjamiee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"R17-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210070","article-title":"Human papillomavirus in premalignant oral lesions: No evidence of association in a Spanish cohort","volume":"14","author":"Gomez-Armayones","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R18-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1348-8643(13)00030-X","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: Malignant potential and diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Kanemitsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Sci Int"},{"key":"R19-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300405","article-title":"The pathogenesis of oral lichen planus","volume":"13","author":"Sugerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"R20-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300503","article-title":"Oral lichen planus and malignant transformation: Is a recall of patients justified?","volume":"13","author":"Mattsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"R21-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1348-8643(13)00030-X","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: Malignant potential and diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Shirasuna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Sci Int"},{"key":"R22-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.9.675","article-title":"Association of human papillomaviruses with a subgroup of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"92","author":"Wong","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"R23-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.03.033","article-title":"Classification of papillomaviruses","volume":"324","author":"de Villiers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R24-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0351456","article-title":"HPV: from infection to cancer","volume":"35","author":"Stanley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"R25-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-04-0551","article-title":"Human papillomavirus types in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas worldwide: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Kreimer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"R26-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181c94a3b","article-title":"Oral human papillomavirus in healthy individuals: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"37","author":"Kreimer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R27-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/0964-1955(96)00011-5","article-title":"Human papillomavirus in oral premalignant lesions","volume":"32B","author":"Nielsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol"},{"key":"R28-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2009.05.003","article-title":"Human papillomavirus in oral leukoplakia is no prognostic indicator of malignant transformation","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_836_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:43:36Z","timestamp":1787067816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_836_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_836_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-19","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}