{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:05:43Z","timestamp":1790046343598,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally. The emotional and psychological impact of the disease, particularly following mastectomy, can significantly affect quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of box breathing exercises in reducing stress levels among women who have undergone mastectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A purposive sampling approach was employed, and 140 women, aged 25\u201365 years, who had undergone mastectomy were selected. Participants were divided into experimental (70 patients) and control (70 patients) groups. The experimental group participated in box breathing exercises, while the control group received routine care. Stress levels were measured using a validated 23-item self-assessment tool, administered at baseline, posttest I, posttest II, and posttest III.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results revealed a significant reduction in stress levels in the experimental group over time. By posttest III, 22.86% of the experimental group attained low stress, while 77.14% showed moderate stress levels. In contrast, the control group remained predominantly in the high-stress category (90%). The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Box breathing exercises are an effective, noninvasive intervention for reducing stress in breast cancer patients following mastectomy. Further research is warranted to explore long-term outcomes and the broader applicability of this intervention in various healthcare settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_888_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T16:00:15Z","timestamp":1753286415000},"page":"75-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effectiveness of Box Breathing Exercises in Reducing Stress among Women Postmastectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Avudaiselvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Annapoorana College of Nursing, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (DU), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Lakshmi","family":"Prabha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Annapoorana College of Nursing, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (DU), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735416638737","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effects of neuropsychological interventions on cognitive function in non-central nervous system cancer survivors","volume":"15","author":"Zeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"},{"key":"R2-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4137\/BCBCR.S14755","article-title":"Coping strategies in Egyptian ladies with breast cancer","volume":"8","author":"Elsheshtawy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast Cancer (Auckl)"},{"key":"R3-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3087962\/v1","article-title":"The mediating role of perceived social support in the effect of the CALM intervention on quality of life in patients following breast cancer surgery","author":"Liu","year":"2023"},{"key":"R4-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2021.22.10.3081","article-title":"Factors affecting delayed presentation and diagnosis of breast cancer in Asian developing countries women: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Sobri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"R5-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-015-3626-6","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral stress management in breast cancer: Survival and recurrence at 11-year follow-up","volume":"154","author":"Stagl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"R6-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPC.IJPC_6_17","article-title":"Prevalence of depression in breast cancer patients and its association with their quality of life: A Cross-sectional observational study","volume":"23","author":"Purkayastha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Palliat Care"},{"key":"R7-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.05.005","article-title":"Quality of life and experience of care in women with metastatic breast cancer: A cross-sectional survey","volume":"43","author":"Reed","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_888_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:16:52Z","timestamp":1787843812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_888_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_888_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}