{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T15:10:51Z","timestamp":1783955451500,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Spinal anesthesia is a common technique for lower abdominal and limb surgeries, offering advantages such as rapid onset, and fewer systemic complications compared to general anesthesia. However, postoperative challenges including delayed wound healing, pain, impaired gastric motility, anxiety, and sleep disturbances remain prevalent. Standard pharmacological regimens (e.g., bupivacaine, paracetamol, tramadol, ondansetron, and pantoprazole) address these issues, but integrating structured nursing care pathways may optimize recovery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured nursing care pathway combined with standard pharmacological management on biophysiological (wound healing, pain, gastric motility) and psychological (anxiety, sleep quality) outcomes in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A quasi-experimental pre-test\u2013post-test control group study was conducted among 20 patients undergoing spinal anesthesia (control = 10, experimental = 10). Both groups received standard pharmacological therapy, while the experimental group additionally received a structured nursing care pathway. Outcomes including wound healing, pain, gastric motility, anxiety, and sleep quality were assessed using validated scales and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Chi-square tests (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The experimental group showed significant improvements in all outcomes post-intervention (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05), with between-group post-test differences favoring the experimental group (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -values ranging from 8.25 to 10.12;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). For instance, wound healing scores improved from 7.12 \u00b1 0.88 to 17.1 \u00b1 1.24 in the experimental group, compared to minimal changes in controls.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Integrating structured nursing care pathways with pharmacological management enhances postoperative recovery, reducing complications, and improving patient well-being. Larger randomized trials are recommended to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_88_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T22:02:38Z","timestamp":1783720958000},"page":"218-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of a Structured Nursing Care Pathway Integrated with Standard Pharmacological Management on Biophysiological and Psychological Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia: A Pilot Quasi-Experimental Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"R. Arul","family":"Malar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D Nursing Research Scholar, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Dhanvantri College of Nursing, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Padmavathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D Nursing Research Scholar, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Dhanvantri College of Nursing, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31817f2c1a","article-title":"Evidence-based surgical care and the evolution of fast-track surgery","volume":"248","author":"Kehlet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R2-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31823c1030","article-title":"Practice guidelines for acute pain management in the perioperative setting: An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Acute Pain Management","volume":"116","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R3-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.12.008","article-title":"Management of postoperative pain: A clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists'Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, and Administrative Council","volume":"17","author":"Chou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"R4-20260713","first-page":"CD006632","article-title":"Clinical pathways: Effects on professional practice, patient outcomes, length of stay and hospital costs","author":"Rotter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R5-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-1283-2","article-title":"Proposed pathway for patients undergoing enhanced recovery after spinal surgery: Protocol for a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Licina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"R6-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4535","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S292698","article-title":"Management of postoperative pain in patients following spine surgery: A narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Prabhakar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"R7-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint17060094","article-title":"Comprehensive approaches to pain management in postoperative spinal surgery patients: Advanced strategies and future directions","volume":"17","author":"Podder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurol Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_88_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T15:02:02Z","timestamp":1783954922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_88_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_88_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}