{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:32:10Z","timestamp":1790433130725,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthodontics is a specialized profession of dentistry which is truly rewarding for the orthodontic professionals but not without some ill consequences. This study is aimed to estimate the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in different anatomic locations among orthodontists of India and provide a starting point to direct ergonomic interventions among the professionals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted among 150 orthodontists. A close-ended structured questionnaire had been formed, modifying the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. For observation of dental work station, a check list was prepared for the estimation of the work posture of the orthodontists. To determine the risk zone of the participant orthodontists, rapid upper limb assessment was also done. Different interventions like short break, posture change, hip bridge exercise, neck muscles, wrist strengthening, and fingers and thumbs strengthening exercises were given after assessment of the risk zone of the orthodontists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From the findings, it was evident that maximum orthodontists felt pain occasionally in the region of upper back (86.7%), followed by neck and low back (53.3% each). Maximum pain was felt (often) in the region of shoulder which consists of 30%. After application of interventions in the specific population, the findings showed that the overall frequency of pain had been improved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthodontists should perform exercises regularly, should get frequent breaks during work, and should obtain correct posture in their work station, all of which increase their efficiency and will also prolong their orthodontic careers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_891_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T18:00:23Z","timestamp":1756836023000},"page":"S2202-S2205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Indian Orthodontists \u2013 An Ergonomic Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kasturi","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Burdwan Dental College and Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tathagata","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailash Chandra","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somnath","family":"Gangopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20250930","first-page":"6","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders among dental practitioners:Does it affect practice?","author":"Muralidharan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol Res Int 2013"},{"key":"R3-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-250","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders and symptom severity among Australian dental hygienists","volume":"6","author":"Hayes","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"R4-20250930","first-page":"79","article-title":"Work-related disorders musculoskeletal among dentists - A questionnaire survey","volume":"18","author":"Kierklo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"R5-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(87)90010-X","article-title":"Standardized Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms","volume":"18","author":"Kuorinka","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"R7-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0106","article-title":"Preventing musculoskeletal disorders in clinical dentistry:Strategies to address the mechanisms leading to musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"134","author":"Valachi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R8-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1177\/140349489101900306","article-title":"Occupational cervico-brachial disorders among dentists. Psychosocial work environment, personal harmony and life-satisfaction","volume":"19","author":"Rundcrantz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand J Soc Med"},{"key":"R9-20250930","first-page":"169","article-title":"Disorders of the musculoskeletal system among dentists from the of ergonomics and prophylaxis","volume":"9","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"R10-20250930","first-page":"69","article-title":"The occupational ergonomics hand book","author":"Karwouski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Boca Raton, Fl;CRC Press"},{"key":"R11-20250930","first-page":"153","article-title":"Musculoskeletal symptoms among dentists in relation to work posture","volume":"15","author":"Ratzon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Work"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_891_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:49:54Z","timestamp":1787068194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_891_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_891_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-30","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}