{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:30:56Z","timestamp":1786649456722,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with reduced cardiopulmonary function, decreased aerobic capacity, and increased respiratory complications. Effective non-pharmacological interventions are essential to improve exercise tolerance and overall health in diabetic individuals.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the effectiveness of intercostal stretching techniques combined with aerobic dance exercises on VO\u2082 max and chest tightness in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 30 male participants, aged 30-50 years, with T2DM were enrolled in a 12-week intervention involving intercostal stretching and aerobic dance exercises for 60 minutes, \u2014three to five days per week. Pre- and post-intervention assessments of VO\u2082 max (mL\/kg\/min) and chest tightness (modified Borg dyspnea scale) were performed using spirometry and standardized scales. Paired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -tests were conducted to analyze the differences.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Post-intervention analysis revealed a significant increase in VO\u2082 max (mean difference = 13.4 \u00b1 5.577,\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = 13.159,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and a significant reduction in chest tightness scores (mean difference = 2.233 \u00b1 1.524,\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = 8.025,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). These improvements were statistically highly significant compared to the critical\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -value (2.15) at 29 degrees of freedom.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The combination of intercostal stretching and aerobic dance significantly enhanced cardiopulmonary function, increased VO\u2082 max, and reduced respiratory discomfort in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These findings support the integration of such exercise protocols into diabetes management programs to improve functional capacity and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_896_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T16:00:24Z","timestamp":1753286424000},"page":"78-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Intercostal Stretch Technique and Aerobic Dance on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Selvi","family":"Palanisamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physiotherapy, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Nandha College of Physiotherapy, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balamurugan","family":"Janakiraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physiotherapy, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"name":"Faculty of Physiotherapy, SRM College of Physiotherapy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveenkumar","family":"Rangasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Nandha College of Physiotherapy, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aswinkumar","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Shree Venkateshwara College of Paramedical Sciences, College of Physiotherapy, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Balasubramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thanthai Periyar Government Headquarters Hospital, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panneerselvam","family":"Periasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Government Erode Medical College, Perundurai, Erode, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05319-w","article-title":"Impact of age at type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis on mortality and vascular complications: Systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"64","author":"Nanayakkara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"R2-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002800","article-title":"Exercise\/physical activity in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A consensus statement from the American college of sports medicine","volume":"54","author":"Kanaley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"R3-20260422","first-page":"186","article-title":"Effects of intercostals stretching on pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Araujo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"R4-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1728","article-title":"Physical activity\/exercise and diabetes: A position statement of the American diabetes association","volume":"39","author":"Colberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R5-20260422","first-page":"284","article-title":"Effect of intercostal stretch on pulmonary function parameters among healthy males","volume":"11","author":"Mohan","year":"2012","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"key":"R6-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1985.10605367","article-title":"Effects of aerobic dance on physical work capacity, cardiovascular function and body composition of middle-aged women","volume":"56","author":"Dowdy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"key":"R7-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/30.2.189","article-title":"Effect of low-impact aerobic dance on the functional fitness of elderly women","volume":"30","author":"Hopkins","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gerontologist"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_896_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:54:24Z","timestamp":1786647264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_896_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_896_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}