{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:47:12Z","timestamp":1787071632449,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754092800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the fluoride concentration and surface smoothness of primary teeth treated with four different fluoride varnishes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n An\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n experimental study was conducted with 50 primary teeth, divided into four groups (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 10 per group). Each group (Group I: MI Varnish, Group II: Embrace Varnish, Group III: Fluor Protector, and Group IV: Duraphat) received consecutive fluoride varnishes. Fluoride concentration was measured at three depths (surface, middle, and deep) using microhardness testing. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey\u2019s\n post<\/jats:italic>\n hoc<\/jats:italic>\n test to assess group differences at each depth (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n MI Varnish exhibited the highest fluoride concentrations at all depths, significantly outperforming the other varnishes (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). At the surface, MI Varnish exceeded Embrace Varnish by 18.0 AU, Fluor Protector by 29.0 AU, and Duraphat by 14.6 AU. Duraphat had the lowest fluoride concentrations across all depths.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n MI Varnish demonstrated superior fluoride uptake compared to other fluoride varnishes. Second-generation varnishes, such as MI Varnish and Embrace Varnish, showed enhanced fluoride release and bioavailability, which contributes to their effectiveness in preventing enamel caries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_931_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T05:01:08Z","timestamp":1754283668000},"page":"S2647-S2649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In vitro Fluoride Uptake of Primary Teeth Treated with Different Fluoride Varnishes"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Antarik","family":"Dhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhilesh S.","family":"Parate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Daswani Dental College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalpana","family":"Harikrishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annat","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Satish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Nandha Dental College and Hospital, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Lekshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Travancore Dental College, Kollam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.25121\/NS.2019.24.2.70","article-title":"Individualised caries prevention with fluoride in children and adolescents\u2013recommendations of Polish experts","volume":"24","author":"Kaczmarek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nowa Stomatol"},{"key":"R2-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02799-1","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of prevention of demineralization of artificial enamel caries treated with two fluoride varnishes and 38% SDF in primary teeth: An in vitro study","volume":"23","author":"Mashhour","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R3-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-016-0296-7","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of fluoride varnish in preventing dental caries of Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome patients","volume":"16","author":"Xin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R5-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12385","article-title":"Effect of calcium phosphate addition to fluoride containing dental varnishes on enamel demineralization","volume":"61","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"R6-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.08.113","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of ion release characteristics of three different dental varnishes containing fluoride either with CPP-ACP or bioactive glass","volume":"35","author":"Sleibi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"R7-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_67_18","article-title":"In vitro comparison of antimicrobial activity of conventional fluoride varnishes containing xylitol and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate","volume":"8","author":"Jafari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"},{"key":"R8-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03300-w","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of fluoride varnishes containing different agents in children with severe early childhood caries: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Almaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"R9-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7327","DOI":"10.3390\/app13127327","article-title":"In vitro comparison of the fluoride ion release from the first- and second-generation fluoride varnishes","volume":"13","author":"Piesiak-Panczyszyn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"R10-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e245616","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440202405616","article-title":"Inhibition of incipient caries lesion progression by different fluoridated varnishes","volume":"35","author":"Mainente","year":"2024","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"R11-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4103\/denthyp.denthyp_79_22","article-title":"Efficacy of three commercially available fluoride releasing varnishes in remineralization of artificial white spot lesions evaluated by laser fluorescence: An in vitro study","volume":"13","author":"Hussain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dent Hypotheses"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R12-20250930","first-page":"S37","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of zwitterionic material, self-assembling peptide, and bioactive glass incorporated with MI varnish for fluoride, calcium, and phosphorus ion release, enamel remineralization, and microhardness","volume":"17","author":"Patil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R13-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2778","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of longevity of fluoride release from three different fluoride varnishes: An observational study","volume":"17","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_931_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:49:59Z","timestamp":1787068199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_931_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_931_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-15","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-15","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}