{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:41:17Z","timestamp":1786653677431,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use, particularly gutka and khaini, is a significant public health concern in India, mainly in rural areas. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between SLT use and oral cancer incidence among rural Indian men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort of 300 rural Indian men without a history of oral cancer was recruited and followed for five years. Baseline data on SLT use (type, frequency, and duration) and other risk factors were collected. Annual oral examinations and medical record reviews were conducted to identify incident cases of oral cancer. Incidence rates, relative risks, and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated to assess the association between SLT use and oral cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 300 participants, 185 (61.7%) were SLT users at baseline. During follow-up, 25 incident cases of oral cancer were diagnosed. The incidence rate of oral cancer was significantly higher among SLT users (24.3 per 1,000 person-years) compared to non-users (5.4 per 1,000 person-years). After adjusting for confounders, the HR for oral cancer associated with SLT use was 4.51 (95% CI: 2.03\u20139.98), indicating a significantly increased risk. A dose\u2013response relationship was observed, with higher frequency and longer duration of SLT use associated with increased risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides strong evidence for a significant association between SLT use and increased risk of oral cancer among rural Indian men. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to reduce SLT use and promote oral cancer awareness in this high-risk population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_945_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:03:14Z","timestamp":1735257794000},"page":"S3768-S3771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between Oral Cancer and Smokeless Tobacco Use in Rural Indian Men: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anuj Singh","family":"Parihar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, People\u2019s Dental Academy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayan","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intern, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Pidaparthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics and conservative dentistry, GDCH, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunmeek","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Luxmi Bai Dental College and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Handa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20241227","first-page":"4","article-title":"Prevalence, habit pattern, and awareness on harmful effects of tobacco\/areca nut use among patients visiting a tertiary care center in Sri Lanka","volume":"13","author":"Subasinghe","year":"2023","journal-title":"South Asian J Cancer"},{"key":"R2-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-023-12534-z","article-title":"Alteration of oral bacteriome of smokeless tobacco users and their association with oral cancer","volume":"107","author":"Sajid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"R3-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2023.02.019","article-title":"Pan-American prevalence of smokeless tobacco use 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oral cancer: A systematic global review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Asthana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"R7-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/169753","article-title":"Gender differences in use of cigarette and non-cigarette tobacco products among adolescents aged 13-15 years in 20 African countries","volume":"22","author":"Agaku","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"key":"R8-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2023.11.006","article-title":"Prevalence of tobacco and areca-nut use among patients attending dental teaching hospital in the central province of Sri Lanka and its association with oral mucosal lesions;A cross sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Sumithrarachchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"key":"R9-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2023.11.002","article-title":"Evaluation of fluoride levels in areca nut, tobacco, and commercial smokeless tobacco products: A pilot study","volume":"62","author":"Arakeri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R10-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2024.107982","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of flavored novel oral nicotine product use among a national sample of youth","volume":"152","author":"Cornacchione Ross","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addict Behav"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied 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