{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:41:19Z","timestamp":1786653679836,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elastomeric chains are commonly used in orthodontic treatments to apply continuous force for tooth movement. However, the exposure of these chains to different mouthwashes can impact their force retention and effectiveness. Understanding the effect of various mouthwash solutions on elastomeric chains is crucial to optimize orthodontic treatment outcomes and maintain the desired level of force over time. This study investigates the impact of different mouthwash solutions on the force decay of both prestretched and unstretched elastomeric chains, providing insights into the best practices for mouthwash use during orthodontic care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A study was conducted using 1000 specimens of \u201cfive-unit clear short-linked elastomeric chains.\u201d These specimens were divided into two main groups of elastomeric chains: prestretched and unstretched. Each main group was further subdivided into five subgroups: one control (artificial saliva) and four test subgroups exposed to different mouthwashes. Statistical analysis was conducted with a significance level set at\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05 to determine the effect of each mouthwash on the force retention of the elastomeric chains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The initial force levels of elastomeric chains before and after immersion in various solutions over different time intervals showed statistically significant differences. These differences were observed in both prestretched and unstretched elastomeric chain groups as well as between the prestretched and unstretched conditions. The results indicate that different mouthwash solutions have varying impacts on force decay, with some solutions leading to more pronounced degradation than others.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Common mouthwashes degrade the force of both prestretched and unstretched elastomeric chains. To minimize this effect during orthodontic treatment, it is recommended to use Himalaya HiOra, probiotic, and Clohex\u00ae mouthwashes, followed by fluoride mouthwash. These alternatives may help preserve the force retention of elastomeric chains and improve treatment efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_981_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:08:22Z","timestamp":1735258102000},"page":"S3479-S3481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of Force Decay of Two Different Types of Elastomeric Chains with the Use of Different Types of Mouth Washes \u2013 An In vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rahul","family":"Pawar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, JCD Dental College, Sirsa, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanmoy","family":"Majumder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalini","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MDS, Department of Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic, Venkateshwara Institute of Medical Science, Gajraula, Amroha, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dip G.","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MDS, Department of Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic, Government Dental Surgeon and Consultant, Orthodontist, Department of Orthodontic, Barpeta, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Kamal","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MDS Orthodontics Cleft Orthodontist at Smile Train, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Mrinal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0096-6347(39)90309-1","article-title":"Measuring of orthodontic forces","volume":"25","author":"Paulich","year":"1939","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Oral Surg"},{"key":"R2-20241227","first-page":"151","article-title":"A study of applied force as related to use of elastics and coil springs","volume":"21","author":"Bell","year":"1951","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R3-20241227","first-page":"95","article-title":"Biophysical properties of orthodontic rubber elastics","volume":"35","author":"Newman","year":"1963","journal-title":"J New Jersey Dent Soc"},{"key":"R4-20241227","first-page":"196","article-title":"Orthodontic elastic materials","volume":"46","author":"Wong","year":"1976","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R5-20241227","first-page":"577","article-title":"Coil springs as an application of force","volume":"20","author":"Arnold","year":"1934","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"R6-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0096-6347(47)90004-5","article-title":"Contraction coil springs: Its uses and how to make it","volume":"33","author":"Nagamoto","year":"1947","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Oral Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_981_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:40:48Z","timestamp":1786650048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_981_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_981_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-16","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}