{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:28:34Z","timestamp":1788323314066,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n The pericarp of\n Garcinia mangostana<\/jats:italic>\n (mangosteen) has been used as a medicinal agent by Southeast Asians for centuries in the treatment of skin infections and wounds. Its main active constituents were xanthones and phenolic compounds. The plant and its metabolites possessed diverse bioactivities.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A methanolic extract of\n G. mangostana<\/jats:italic>\n pericarp was subjected to solvent partitioning and chromatographic purification to isolate \u03b1-mangostin (1), \u03b2-mangostin (2), gartanin (3), garcinone C (4), garcinone D (5), and (+)-2R,3R-taxifolin-3-O-\u03b1-L-rhamnoside (astilbin) (6) that were identified by NMR spectral data, as well as comparing with literature data. These compounds were assessed for their\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n cytotoxic effect against\n ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line<\/jats:italic>\n (SKOV-3), hepatic cell line (HepG-2), and colorectal cancer (HCT-116) cell lines using sulforhdamine B (SRB) assay. Doxorubicin was used as a positive control.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n All compounds exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxic activity. Garcinone D demonstrated significant cytotoxic potential (IC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n 27.27 \u00b1 2.41 \u00b5M) against SKOV-3 cells. While \u03b1-mangostin and \u03b2-mangostin exhibited cytotoxic activity (IC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n values of 28.1 \u00b1 1.1 \u00b5M and 31.9 \u00b1 10.7 \u00b5M, respectively) towards HepG-2 cells. Also, \u03b2-mangostin and garcinone D demonstrated cytotoxic effects with IC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n values of 56.1 \u00b1 2.5 \u00b5M and 44.3 \u00b1 2.5 \u00b5M, respectively against HCT-116.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n The study highlights the cytotoxic potential of xanthones derived from\n Garcinia mangostana<\/jats:italic>\n pericarp. Among the isolated metabolites, garcinone D and \u03b1-mangostin emerged as promising lead compounds for further anticancer drug development due to their significant in vitro cytotoxic effects.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_991_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T16:00:24Z","timestamp":1753286424000},"page":"56-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cytotoxic Metabolites from Pericarp of Garcinia mangostana"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Abdullah I. R.","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossam M.","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagar M.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Liwa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab of Emirates"},{"name":"Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrin R. M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Y.","family":"Alfaifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Tissue Culture and Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serag Eldin I.","family":"Elbehairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Tissue Culture and Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamal A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.07.024","article-title":"Medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana)","volume":"46","author":"Pedraza-Chaverri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"R2-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2018.1446012","article-title":"Mangostanaxanthone VIII, a new xanthone from Garcinia mangostana and its cytotoxic activity","volume":"33","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"},{"key":"R3-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2017.1423058","article-title":"Garcixanthone A, a new cytotoxic xanthone from the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana","volume":"21","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Asian Nat Prod Res"},{"key":"R4-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.01.030","article-title":"New xanthones and cytotoxic constituents from Garcinia mangostana fruit hulls against human hepatocellular, breast, and colorectal cancer cell lines","volume":"198","author":"Mohamed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"R5-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117441","article-title":"Corrigendum to \u201cPrenylated xanthones from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) target oxidative mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells\u201d Biomed. 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