{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:20:04Z","timestamp":1787840404382,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought the prevalence of food insecurity and whether cardiovascular risk markers and metabolic syndrome components are significantly different in categories of food insecurity in patients with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, 520 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Kerman coronary artery disease risk study aged between 23 and 87 years (60.8 \u00b1 11.4) who selected by one-stage cluster sampling were assigned into four groups of \u201cfood secure\u201d and \u201cmild,\u201d \u201cmoderate,\u201d and \u201csevere\u201d food insecure. Household food insecurity was assessed by a 9-item household food insecurity access scale questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of food security and mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity in patients with diabetes was 24.4%, 33.1%, 28.9%, and 13.6%, respectively. There was a significant difference among the food-secure\/insecure sex groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). The prevalence of food insecurity and risk factors such as total cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and visceral obesity in mild food-insecure females was significantly higher than males (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). The fasting blood sugar significantly increased (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.020) in diabetic females with food security than the other female groups. Diastolic blood pressure significantly increased (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.028) in diabetic females with severe food insecurity than the other female groups. The glycosylated hemoglobin significantly increased (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.013) in diabetic males with severe food insecurity than the other male groups. Food insecurity odds ratio in females was 1.74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10\u20132.70), 2.39 (95% CI: 1.48\u20133.88), and 2.73 (95% CI: 1.49\u20135.01) times higher than in males for mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Food insecurity may deteriorate some cardiometabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes. Improving food security in patients with diabetes may help reduce cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_12_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]],"date-time":"2017-10-31T02:10:38Z","timestamp":1509415838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The relationship between food insecurity with cardiovascular risk markers and metabolic syndrome components in patients with diabetes: A population-based study from Kerman coronary artery disease risk study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Mahmoodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Najafipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Mohsenpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojgan","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"R1-20250827","first-page":"1559","article-title":"Core indicators of nutritional state for difficult-to-sample populations","volume":"120","author":"Anderson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"R2-20250827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0192-6","article-title":"Food insecurity is associated with diabetes mellitus: Results from the National Health Examination and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002","volume":"22","author":"Seligman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"R3-20250827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2011.09.014","article-title":"Food insecurity is related to glycemic control deterioration in patients with type 2 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households in rural appalachian ohio","volume":"3","author":"Holben","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"R23-20250827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.09.002","article-title":"Food insecurity and cardiovascular health: Findings from a statewide population health survey in Wisconsin","volume":"93","author":"Saiz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Research in Medical 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