{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:22:31Z","timestamp":1787840551556,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Noninvasive respiratory support techniques are widely used to treat respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants, and the effectiveness of these methods should be compared. In the current study, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation (NIMV), and heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the current bicenter clinical trial, 109 preterm infants with RDS not treated with surfactant were randomly assigned to three groups: NCPAP, NIMV, and HHHFNC. The initial outcomes including the failure of treatment within the first initial 72 h, and the duration of RDS treatment, and the secondary outcomes including the need for intubation, the need for surfactants, the duration of oxygen dependency, the incidence of pneumothorax, the patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, length of stay, and mortality were compared among the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The frequency of HHHFNC treatment failure (54.3%) was significantly higher compared with those of NIMV (21.6%) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001, hazard ratio [HR] = 9.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.59 \u2013 32.07) and NCPAP (35.1%) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004, HR = 21.25, 95% CI = 2.51\u2013180.08). The median duration of RDS treatment was longer (40 h) in the HHHFNC group, although it was not significantly different from those of NIMV (31.16 h) and NCPAP (38.91 h).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the high prevalence of failure of HHHFNC treatment than the other two methods (NCPAP and NIMV), HHHFNC is not recommended as the initial treatment of RDS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_2_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T01:14:31Z","timestamp":1567041271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Heated Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula (HHHFNC) is not an effective method for initial treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) versus nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation (NIMV) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP)"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Amir-Mohammad","family":"Armanian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Iranpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Parvaneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nima","family":"Salehimehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Almahdi Mehr Higher Education Institute, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awat","family":"Feizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Hajirezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, 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