{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:59:46Z","timestamp":1787169586104,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEinhs) may deteriorate or improve the clinical manifestations in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. A comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the association of ARBs\/ACEinhs and hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (HMGRis) with clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n From April 4 to June 2, 2020, 659 patients were categorized according to whether they were taking ARB, ACEinh, or HMGRi drugs or none of them. Demographic variables, clinical and laboratory tests, chest computed tomography findings, and intensive care unit-related data were analyzed and compared between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The ARB, ACEinh, and HMGRi groups significantly had lower heart rate (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Furthermore, a lower percent of O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n saturation (89.34 \u00b1 7.17% vs. 84.25 \u00b1 7.00%;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04) was observed in the ACEis group than non-ACEinhs. Mortality rate and the number of intubated patients were lower in patients taking ARBs, ACEinhs, and HMGRis, although these differences failed to reach statistical significance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Our findings present clinical data on the association between ARBs, ACEinhs, and HMGRis and outcomes in hospitalized, hypertensive COVID-19 patients, implying that ARBs\/ACEinhs are not associated with the severity or mortality of COVID-19 in such patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_373_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T12:14:29Z","timestamp":1678968869000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of RASis and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors with clinical manifestations in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: Results from the Khorshid Coronavirus Disease Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Bijan","family":"Iraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir Reza","family":"Moravejolahkami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Sami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Riahinezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Tasdighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Toghyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nastaran Sadat","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh Dehghan","family":"Niri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Askari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China,","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2020.032","article-title":"The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) \u2013China, 2020","volume":"2","author":"Surveillances","year":"2020","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"key":"R3-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R4-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00127","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00127-20","article-title":"Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan:An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus","volume":"94","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R5-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.06.005","article-title":"The vasoprotective axes of the renin-angiotensin system:Physiological relevance and therapeutic implications in cardiovascular, hypertensive and kidney diseases","volume":"125","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"R6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600640","article-title":"Receptor and viral determinants of SARS-coronavirus adaptation to human ACE2","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"R7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb2507","article-title":"Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation","volume":"367","author":"Wrapp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R8-20240830","first-page":"m810","article-title":"Preventing a COVID-19 pandemic:ACE inhibitors as a potential risk factor for fatal COVID-19","volume":"368","author":"Sommerstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"taaa041","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa041","article-title":"Hypothesis:Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may increase the risk of severe COVID-19","volume":"27","author":"Diaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"R10-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30116-8","article-title":"Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection?","volume":"8","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R11-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161116666180706144824","article-title":"Statins:Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"17","author":"Ricci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"R12-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2397","article-title":"Considerations for statin therapy in patients with COVID-19","volume":"40","author":"Dashti-Khavidaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"R13-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-020-08791-9","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory action of statins in cardiovascular disease:The role of inflammasome and toll-like receptor pathways","volume":"60","author":"Koushki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R14-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154752","article-title":"Statins influence biomarkers of low grade inflammation in apparently healthy people or patients with chronic diseases:A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"123","author":"Milajerdi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"R15-20240830","first-page":"4873","article-title":"Statins:Could an old friend help in the fight against COVID-19?Br J Pharmacol","volume":"177","author":"Rodrigues-Diez","year":"2020"},{"key":"R16-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000524","article-title":"Radiological society of North America expert consensus statement on reporting chest CT findings related to COVID-19. Endorsed by the society of thoracic radiology, the American college of radiology, and RSNA \u2013Secondary publication","volume":"35","author":"Simpson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"R17-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p715","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200370","article-title":"Time course of lung changes on chest CT during recovery from 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia","volume":"295","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R18-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200463","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200463","article-title":"Chest CT findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19):Relationship to duration of infection","volume":"295","author":"Bernheim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R19-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200152","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.2020200152","article-title":"Radiological society of North America expert consensus document on reporting chest CT findings related to COVID-19:Endorsed by the society of thoracic radiology, the American college of radiology, and RSNA","volume":"2","author":"Simpson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging"},{"key":"R20-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15143","article-title":"Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers and ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) inhibitors on virus infection, inflammatory status, and clinical outcomes in patients With COVID-19 and hypertension:A single-center retrospective study","volume":"76","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R21-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1746200","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypertension","volume":"9","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"R22-20240830","article-title":"The effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on death and severity of disease in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19):a meta-analysis","author":"Ghosal","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"R23-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.026","article-title":"Importance of cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains in the interaction of the S protein of SARS-coronavirus with the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2","volume":"381","author":"Glende","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R24-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003816","article-title":"Association of elevated plasma interleukin-18 level with increased mortality in a clinical trial of statin treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Rogers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R25-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280031","article-title":"Effect of statin therapy on mortality in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia:A randomized clinical trial","volume":"310","author":"Papazian","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R26-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.06.018","article-title":"The effects of ARBs, ACEis, and statins on clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection among nursing home residents","volume":"21","author":"De Spiegeleer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"R28-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.046","article-title":"Statins reduce relapse rate in Takayasu arteritis","volume":"287","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"R29-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05716-4","article-title":"Drug-drug interactions between COVID-19 treatments and antipsychotics drugs:Integrated evidence from 4 databases and a systematic review","volume":"238","author":"Plasencia-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Research in Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jrms.jrms_373_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:09:31Z","timestamp":1787166571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jrms.jrms_373_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jrms.jrms_373_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["1735-1995","1735-7136"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1735-1995","type":"print"},{"value":"1735-7136","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-25","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-17","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}