{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:03:15Z","timestamp":1787169795311,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The estimated prevalence of mental health disorders in children and adolescents is between 10% and 20%. Furthermore, a quarter of very premature infants exhibit socioemotional delays in infancy and childhood. The objective of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of Greenspan social-emotional growth chart (GSEGC) in Persian children aged 1\u201342 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After translation procedures, the face validity, content validity, construct validity, test\u2013retest reliability, and internal consistency of the GSEGC questionnaire were evaluated. The quality of translating items was obtained using the suggestions of the research group. The face validity of the GSEGC was performed by interviewing with 10 mothers in the target group. To evaluate content validity quantitatively, content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were used after reviewing the face and content validity and pilot study, 264 parents of children aged 1\u201342 months completed the GSEGC questionnaire to assess the construct validity and internal consistency. In order to determine the test-retest reliability, after 2 weeks, 18 parents completed the questionnaire again.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven questions were changed according to the interviews (questions 1\u20136, 9\u201311, and 15\u201316). The lowest CVR was related to items 30 and 20 (0.636), and other items had an acceptable CVR. The lowest CVI value was related to item 1 of clarity and simplicity (0.818), and other items had an acceptable CVI. Intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.988 for all items of questionnaire. Furthermore, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.952 for all items. In factor analysis, two factors were extracted from the items in questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Persian version of GSEGC questionnaire has acceptable face, content and, constructs validity, test-retest reliability and high internal consistency in the target population. Therefore, the Persian version of the GSEGC can be used as a tool to assess 1\u201342 months sensory processing and socio-emotional development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_577_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T11:32:13Z","timestamp":1680262333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validity and reliability of the Persian version of greenspan social-emotional growth chart"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Farin","family":"Soleimani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Azari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firoozeh","family":"Sajedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adis","family":"Kraskian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahid","family":"Rahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Rassafiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Nobakht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational therapy, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.07.019","article-title":"Cultural adaptation of a parent completed social emotional screening instrument for young children: Ages and stages questionnaire-social emotional","volume":"88","author":"Heo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"R2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e377","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2211","article-title":"Social-emotional screening for infants and toddlers in primary care","volume":"129","author":"Briggs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R3-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60827-1","article-title":"Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: Evidence for action","volume":"378","author":"Kieling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R4-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11R","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318212faa0","article-title":"Preterm birth and childhood psychiatric disorders","volume":"69","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"R5-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2016.04.013","article-title":"The reliability and validity of the Greenspan Social Emotional Growth Chart (GSEGC) in Israeli children with developmental delay and autism \u2013 A pilot study","volume":"55","author":"Tede","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"R6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0021-9630.2003.00316.x","article-title":"Assessment of young children's social-emotional development and psychopathology: Recent advances and recommendations for practice","volume":"45","author":"Carter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2018.05.002","article-title":"Social-emotional development in very preterm infants during early infancy","volume":"121","author":"Gray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"R8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2015.013755","article-title":"Sensory processing disorder in children ages birth-3 years born prematurely: A systematic review","volume":"69","author":"Mitchell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"key":"R9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2033","article-title":"A review of screening tools for the identification of autism spectrum disorders and developmental delay in infants and young children: Recommendations for use in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"12","author":"Marlow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"R10-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731516686691","article-title":"Systematic review of social-emotional screening instruments for young children in child welfare","volume":"28","author":"McCrae","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res Soc Work Pract"},{"key":"R11-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2009.00787.x","article-title":"Socio-emotional development: From infancy to young adulthood","volume":"50","author":"Bohlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"key":"R12-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00082-1","article-title":"Translating health status questionnaires and evaluating their quality: The IQOLA project approach. International quality of life assessment","volume":"51","author":"Bullinger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R14-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3833","article-title":"Guidelines for early identification, screening, and clinical management of children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"121","author":"Greenspan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R17-20240830","first-page":"79","article-title":"Critical values for Lawshe's content validity ratio: Revisiting the original methods of calculation","volume":"47","author":"Ayre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Couns Dev"},{"key":"R19-20240830","first-page":"646","article-title":"A preliminary study of the development, validity, and reliability of a caregiver questionnaire for the health-related quality of life in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med J"},{"key":"R20-20240830","first-page":"231","article-title":"Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM","volume":"19","author":"Weir","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R21-20240830","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cronbach's alpha: A tool for assessing the reliability of scales","volume":"37","author":"Santos","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Ext"},{"key":"R22-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.61.2.135","article-title":"Concept evolution in sensory integration: A proposed nosology for diagnosis","volume":"61","author":"Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Research in Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jrms.jrms_577_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:12:59Z","timestamp":1787166779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jrms.jrms_577_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jrms.jrms_577_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["1735-1995","1735-7136"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1735-1995","type":"print"},{"value":"1735-7136","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-05","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}