{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:35:35Z","timestamp":1787070935805,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is associated with severe COVID 19 and poor outcomes. However, the role of Vitamin D supplementation on mortality is controversial. The current meta analysis aimed to investigate the same among patients with COVID 19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched six databases from inception up to July 2023. The keywords used were COVID 19, SARS COV 2, mortality, Vitamin D, calcitriol, cholecalciferol, Calcifediol, survival, death, small dose, and high dose. Eight hundred and sixteen studies were retrieved, 103 full texts were screened, and 14 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta analysis. A structured checklist was used to gather the author\u2019s name, country, year of publication, Vitamin D dose, age, sex, number of patients, mortality, and comorbidities. The Cochrane system for meta analysis (RevMan, version 5.4) was used for the data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No association was found between Vitamin D supplementation and mortality among patients with COVID 19, odd ratio, 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84\u20131.59, and P = 0.36. No difference between high and low dose Vitamin D supplementation, odd ratio, 0.65, 95% CI, 0.37\u20131.57, and P = 0.13. In a sub analysis, no significant statistical difference was found between low dose Vitamin D supplementation versus placebo, and when considering patients who were Vitamin D deficient, odd ratio, 1.10, 95% CI, 0.74\u20131.63. The P = 0.64 and, odd ratio, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.71\u20131.40, and P = 0.97 respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No association was evident between Vitamin D supplementation and mortality among patients with COVID 19 irrespective of doses and Vitamin D status. Further studies are needed to address the timing and frequency of Vitamin D supplementations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_591_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T08:00:22Z","timestamp":1732780822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D supplementations and mortality among patients with moderate\/severe COVID-19: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Hyder","family":"Mirghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamina","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20241128","year":"2022"},{"key":"R2-20241128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf0777","article-title":"New Omicron strains may portend big COVID-19 waves","volume":"377","author":"Vogel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R3-20241128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2022.11.024","article-title":"Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies","volume":"16","author":"Dhama","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"R4-20241128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac136","article-title":"Global prevalence of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) condition or long COVID: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"226","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R5-20241128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2012.02.016","article-title":"Extrarenal expression of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-hydroxylase","volume":"523","author":"Adams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"R6-20241128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01080-3","article-title":"Autocrine Vitamin D signaling switches off pro-inflammatory programs of T (H) 1 cells","volume":"23","author":"Chauss","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"R7-20241128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13536","article-title":"Vitamin D and COVID-19-revisited","volume":"292","author":"Subramanian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"R8-20241128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R133","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0665","article-title":"Mechanisms in endocrinology: Vitamin D and COVID-19","volume":"183","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"R9-20241128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2010.04.001","article-title":"Vitamin D: Modulator of the immune system","volume":"10","author":"Baeke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R10-20241128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11111624","article-title":"The effects of Vitamin D on immune system and inflammatory diseases","volume":"11","author":"Ao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"R11-20241128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051234","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19 patients-randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Domazet Bugarin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R12-20241128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14102134","article-title":"Effects of Vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 related outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Hosseini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R13-20241128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0268396.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268396","article-title":"Vitamin D and SARS-CoV2 infection, severity and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"D\u2019Ecclesiis","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R14-20241128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.a2021.0122","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation to treat SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. 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