{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:19:53Z","timestamp":1787840393670,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Muscle strength is necessary for upper body normal function. Upper extremity function impairments have been reported in breast cancer (BC) survivors. It is not possible to know precisely if cancer adjuvant therapy such as radiation and chemotherapy had any effect on the unaffected arm. The aim of this study was to compare shoulder girdle strength among women with BC and similarly aged women without cancer.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty-three postmenopausal women (51 \u00b1 6.46 years) with BC who underwent surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy and 30 healthy postmenopausal women (53.26 \u00b1 5.05 years) were selected. Muscle strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer for flexion, horizontal adduction, internal and external rotation, scapular abduction and upward rotation, scapular depression, and adduction. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The findings indicated significant differences between groups of 6 of the shoulder girdle strength measure (flexion (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.003), internal rotation (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001), external rotation (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.040), scapular abduction and upward rotation (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001), scapular depression and adduction (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.025), and shoulder horizontal adduction (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.00)). Patients showed significantly lower strength compared with healthy controls (flexion = 34.3%, abd = 64.2%, int.rot = 51.2%, ext.rot = 32.4%, hor.add = 58.06, and depression = 35.2%).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The results indicate that the shoulder girdle strength in women with BC decreased compared with healthy women without BC. Therefore, during the treatment of patients with BC, designing of training programs and rehabilitation programs need to be performed on shoulder girdle strength factors in patients undergoing mastectomy with axillary surgery and radiation therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_649_16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T05:46:54Z","timestamp":1498024014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluation of shoulder girdle strength more than 12 month after modified radical mastectomy and axillary nodes dissection"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mahdieh","family":"Akoochakian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidar Ali","family":"Davari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Al-Zahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Alizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Medicine and Health, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Rahnama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Corrective exercises and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 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