{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:46:38Z","timestamp":1787071598922,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rapid global increase in mobile phone use has raised concerns about the potential long-term health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. While most studies have focused on brain tumors, evidence regarding breast cancer remains limited. The objective of the study is to examine the association between mobile phone use and breast cancer risk among women in Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this multicenter case\u2013control study, 226 women were recruited from diagnostic, mammography, and radiotherapy centers across Iran and classified as controls (no history of breast cancer,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 97), suspected cases (advised to undergo mammography due to breast-related complaints or physician recommendation,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 52), and confirmed cases (histologically verified invasive breast cancer,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 77). Structured questionnaires collected demographic, reproductive, lifestyle, and environmental data, including mobile phone call duration, screen time, and phone placement. Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression, adjusting sequentially for demographic, reproductive, environmental, and lifestyle variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In fully adjusted models, women reporting more than 60 min of daily mobile phone conversations had higher odds of confirmed breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 3.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02\u201311.97) and suspected status (OR = 10.84, 95% CI: 2.29\u201351.41) compared with those using phones &lt;10 min daily. Longer screen time (&gt;4 h\/day), later age at menarche, lower education level, and exposure to environmental pollutants were also associated with increased odds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prolonged mobile phone use was associated with higher odds of breast cancer, but this does not imply causation. Given self-reported exposures and potential residual confounding, findings should be interpreted cautiously. Larger prospective studies with objective exposure assessment are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_679_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:00:20Z","timestamp":1764586820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiofrequency radiation from mobile phones and the risk of breast cancer: A multicenter case\u2013control study with an additional suspected comparison group"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sedigheh","family":"Tahmasebi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Cancer Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S M J.","family":"Mortazavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masumeh","family":"Pourghayoomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, IKHC, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peyman","family":"Sheikhzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, IKHC, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, United 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Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manijeh","family":"Beigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakineh","family":"Bagherzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Khosroabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran"},{"name":"Medical Physics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 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