{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:51:47Z","timestamp":1790434307774,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Res Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_705_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,26]],"date-time":"2018-04-26T04:45:12Z","timestamp":1524717912000},"page":"36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Immunology and Genetic of Leishmania infantum: The Role of Endonuclease G in the Apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"SeyedHossein","family":"Hejazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Azami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Ranjkesh Adermanabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Khanahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MohammadAli","family":"Mohaghegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebtesam","family":"Zaherinejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Aghaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Jalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-1","first-page":"S535","volume-title":"Molecular identification of Leishmania species in Taybad district, Iran","author":"Salehi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-2","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Shiraz, Southern Iran: A molecular, isoenzyme and morphologic approach","author":"Asgari","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1735-1995","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-3","first-page":"348","volume-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Iran: Review of the epidemiological and clinical features","author":"Mohebali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-4","first-page":"1424","volume-title":"Asymptomatic Leishmania infection: A new challenge for Leishmania control","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-5","first-page":"67","volume-title":"An observational study on the current distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in different geographical zones of Iran and implication to health policy","author":"Mohebali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-6","first-page":"548","volume-title":"Leishmaniasis: Diagnosis and therapy","author":"von","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-7","first-page":"925","volume-title":"Worldwide risk factors in leishmaniasis","author":"Oryan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1995-7645","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-8","first-page":"132","volume-title":"Seroepidemiologic survey of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Tehran and Alborz provinces of iran","author":"Malmasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Arthropod Borne Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-9","first-page":"1497","volume-title":"Transcriptomics throughout the life cycle of Leishmania infantum: High down-regulation rate in the amastigote stage","author":"Alcolea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-10","first-page":"324915","volume-title":"The dialogue of the host-parasite relationship: Leishmania spp.And Trypanosoma cruzi infection","author":"de","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-11","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Mechanisms of immune evasion in leishmaniasis","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-12","first-page":"e0155224","volume-title":"Compartmentalized immune response in leishmaniasis: Changing patterns throughout the disease","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Cort\u00e9s","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-13","first-page":"109189","volume-title":"Leishmania interferes with host cell signaling to devise a survival strategy","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-14","first-page":"83","volume-title":"The early interaction of Leishmania with macrophages and dendritic cells and its influence on the host immune response","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-15","first-page":"868","volume-title":"Evasion mechanisms used by pathogens to escape the lectin complement pathway","author":"Rosbjerg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-16","first-page":"72","volume-title":"Impact of leishmania metalloprotease GP63 on macrophage signaling","author":"Isnard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-17","first-page":"1062","volume-title":"Free radicals in health and diseases-a mini review","author":"Sivanandham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol Online"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-18","first-page":"619","volume-title":"The genetics of Leishmania virulence","author":"Bifeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-19","first-page":"664","volume-title":"Alice in microbes' land: Adaptations and counter-adaptations of vector-borne parasitic protozoa and their hosts","author":"Caljon","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-20","first-page":"e1000381","volume-title":"A novel role for Stat1 in phagosome acidification and natural host resistance to intracellular infection by Leishmania major","author":"Sp\u00e4th","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-21","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Leishmania lipophosphoglycan: How to establish structure-activity relationships for this highly complex and multifunctional glycoconjugate?","author":"Forestier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-22","first-page":"464","volume-title":"The immunology of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL)","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-23","first-page":"e0004178","volume-title":"The immunology of a healing response in cutaneous leishmaniasis treated with localized heat or systemic antimonial therapy","author":"Lakhal-Naouar","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-24","first-page":"108","volume-title":"CD4 T cell activation by B cells in human Leishmania (Viannia) infection","author":"Rodriguez-Pinto","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-25","first-page":"267","volume-title":"The immunology of Leishmania infection and the implications for vaccine development","author":"Vanloubbeeck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-26","first-page":"e1002320","volume-title":"The meaning of death: Evolution and ecology of apoptosis in protozoan parasites","author":"Reece","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-27","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Cell death mechanisms and their implications in toxicology","author":"Orrenius","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-28","first-page":"940","volume-title":"Apoptosis: Basic concepts, mechanisms and clinical implications","author":"Kar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-29","first-page":"461","volume-title":"New views on the misconstrued: Executioner caspases and their diverse non-apoptotic roles","author":"Unsain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-30","first-page":"3278","volume-title":"Membrane-bound fas ligand requires RIP1 for efficient activation of caspase-8 within the death-inducing signaling complex","author":"Morgan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silke J, Meier P. Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins-modulators of cell death and inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013;5. pii: a008730.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a008730"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-32","first-page":"16182","volume-title":"Determination of cell survival by RING-mediated regulation of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein abundance","author":"Silke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-33","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Programmed cell death in Leishmania: Biochemical evidence and role in parasite infectivity","author":"Gannavaram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-34","first-page":"28","volume-title":"Leishmania infantum expresses a mitochondrial nuclease homologous to EndoG that migrates to the nucleus in response to an apoptotic stimulus","author":"Rico","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-35","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Leishmania major metacaspase can replace yeast metacaspase in programmed cell death and has arginine-specific cysteine peptidase activity","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-36","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Heat-induced programmed cell death in Leishmania infantum is reverted by bcl-X(L) expression","author":"Alzate","year":"2006","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-37","first-page":"154","volume-title":"Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis expresses a nuclease with molecular and biochemical features similar to the Endonuclease G of higher eukaryotes","author":"Toro-Londono","year":"2011","journal-title":"Colomb Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-38","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Structural and functional characterization of mitochondrial EndoG, a sugar non-specific nuclease which plays an important role during apoptosis","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-39","first-page":"90","volume-title":"Mitochondrial endonuclease G is important for apoptosis in C.elegans","author":"Parrish","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-40","first-page":"52366","volume-title":"Camptothecin-induced imbalance in intracellular cation homeostasis regulates programmed cell death in unicellular hemoflagellate Leishmania donovani","author":"Sen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-41","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Mitochondrial endonuclease G function in apoptosis and mtDNA metabolism: A historical perspective","author":"Low","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-42","first-page":"1369","volume-title":"EXOG, a novel paralog of Endonuclease G in higher eukaryotes","author":"Cymerman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-43","first-page":"455","volume-title":"Genetically modified live attenuated parasites as vaccines for leishmaniasis","author":"Selvapandiyan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0971-5916","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-44","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Conservation of the pro-apoptotic nuclease activity of endonuclease G in unicellular trypanosomatid parasites","author":"Gannavaram","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-45","first-page":"4714","volume-title":"Conditions influencing the efficacy of vaccination with live organisms against Leishmania major infection","author":"Tabbara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-46","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Transgenic Leishmania and the immune response to infection","author":"Beattie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-47","first-page":"6499","volume-title":"Recombinant Leishmania major secreting biologically active granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor survives poorly in macrophages in vitro and delays disease development in mice","author":"Dumas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-48","first-page":"3140","volume-title":"Reduced pathology following infection with transgenic Leishmania major expressing murine CD40 ligand","author":"Field","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-49","first-page":"653","volume-title":"Leishmania-derived murine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 enhances the recruitment of a restrictive population of CC chemokine receptor 2-positive macrophages","author":"Conrad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-50","first-page":"5320","volume-title":"IL-12 is required for natural killer cell activation and subsequent T helper 1 cell development in experimental leishmaniasis","author":"Scharton-Kersten","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-51","first-page":"122","volume-title":"Characterization of the biology and infectivity of Leishmania infantum viscerotropic and dermotropic strains isolated from HIV+ and HIV- patients in the murine model of visceral leishmaniasis","author":"Cunha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-52","first-page":"1932","volume-title":"Evaluation of blood agar microtiter plates for culturing Leishmania parasites to titrate parasite burden in spleen and peripheral blood of patients with visceral leishmaniasis","author":"Maurya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-53","first-page":"11305","volume-title":"Recent developments in drug discovery for leishmaniasis and human African trypanosomiasis","author":"Nagle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-54","first-page":"1272","volume-title":"Novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis","author":"Jain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-55","first-page":"7312","volume-title":"Crystal structure of the EndoG\/EndoGI complex: Mechanism of EndoG inhibition","author":"Loll","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1735-1995.231327-56","first-page":"64","volume-title":"Cell-penetrating peptides and their therapeutic applications","author":"Sebbage","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biosci Horiz"}],"container-title":["Journal of Research in Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T13:36:05Z","timestamp":1786714565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jrms.JRMS_705_17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"alternative-id":["231327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jrms.jrms_705_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["1735-1995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1735-1995","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}