{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:22:28Z","timestamp":1787840548625,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n Diabetes mellitus (DM), named\n Ziabites<\/jats:italic>\n in Persian medicine (PM), was categorized as hot or cold\n Ziabites<\/jats:italic>\n according to the Mizaj of patients. This study aimed to compare the Mizaj of patients with newly diagnosed type 1 DM (T1DM) with chronic cases and healthy children.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n In a case\u2013control study, three groups including chronic T1DM patients (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 31), newly diagnosed T1DM patients (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 37), and healthy children as the control group (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 80) were recruited. Mojahedi Mizaj Questionnaire was used to measure two subscales, hot\/cold and wet\/dry, of Mizaj for participants. The mean scores of the Mizaj subscales were compared between the groups. Cutoff values were determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis, and the corresponding odds ratio (OR) for each subscale was identified.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Overall 148 participants, with a mean age of 10.0 \u00b1 6.2 years, were enrolled in the study. Analysis showed that the mean total heat and total dryness scores were significantly higher in new T1DM than that of chronic patients and healthy children (19.59 \u00b1 1.7 vs. 16.6 \u00b1 2.1 and 18.17 \u00b1 1.9,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001 for hot\/cold and 4.70 \u00b1 1.0 vs. 4.09 \u00b1 0.9 and 4.31\u00b10.8,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02 for wet\/dry). \u201cExtra heat\u201d based on the cutoff value of >18.5 was found to be a risk factor for T1DM (OR = 3.62, 95% confidence interval = 1.52\u20138.63).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n New T1DM patients have higher frequency of hot and dry Mizaj, which is consistent with the concept of hot\n Ziabites<\/jats:italic>\n in PM. Most importantly, we found that \u201cextra heat\u201d in children can be considered as a risk factor for T1DM.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_980_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T04:23:01Z","timestamp":1564028581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparing Mizaj (temperament) in type 1 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls: A case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Reza","family":"Ilkhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Aghanouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Mojahedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Montazeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Metrics Research Center, Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Siavash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Tabatabaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R1-20250828","first-page":"S81","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"37","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R2-20250828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2015.1131506","article-title":"Body temperature regulation in diabetes","volume":"3","author":"Kenny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Temperature (Austin)"},{"key":"R3-20250828","first-page":"20","article-title":"The school of traditional Iranian medicine: The definition, origin and advantages","author":"Naseri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"R5-20250828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15924","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.15924","article-title":"Reliability and validity assessment of Mizaj questionnaire: 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Exerc"},{"key":"R23-20250828","first-page":"126","article-title":"Is whole-body thermoregulatory function impaired in type 1 diabetes mellitus?","volume":"9","author":"Yardley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"key":"R24-20250828","first-page":"6254","article-title":"Changes of skin temperature of parts of the body and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in type-2 diabetes mellitus Indian patients","volume":"2011","author":"Anburajan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"R25-20250828","article-title":"Research priorities in traditional Persian medicine","volume":"5","author":"Mojahedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Res Hist Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Research in Medical 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