{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:38:51Z","timestamp":1787841531444,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n Laryngoscopy induces potent noxious stimuli causing reflex autonomic activation manifested by an increase in blood pressure and heart rate (HR). Various drugs with different routes have been tried to prevent this response. The literature comparing inhalational dexmedetomidine with intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine to prevent laryngoscopy response is limited.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 150 American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Class I\/II, undergoing elective surgery requiring laryngoscopy and intubation, were included and randomized into two groups. Patients in Group D\n INH<\/jats:sub>\n received nebulized dexmedetomidine (1 \u03bcg\/kg) and in Group D\n IV<\/jats:sub>\n received IV dexmedetomidine (0.5 \u03bcg\/kg), 15 min before anesthesia induction. For blinding, nebulized or IV saline was used simultaneously. The primary outcome was to compare the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR at laryngoscopy, intubation, and 1, 5, and 10 min after intubation. The secondary outcome was to compare sedation, following the administration of dexmedetomidine, propofol consumption during induction, and any side effects.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings:<\/jats:title>\n \n There was no significant difference in MAP (mmHg) postlaryngoscopy and intubation (immediate after intubation 78.5 \u00b1 11.3 vs. 82.3 \u00b1 16.0,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.093). The mean HR was clinically similar in both groups postlaryngoscopy and intubation (immediate after intubation, 80.9 \u00b1 12.5 vs. 76.3 \u00b1 10.9). Patients in the D\n IV<\/jats:sub>\n group were more sedated than the D\n INH<\/jats:sub>\n (Ramsay Sedation Scale 3\u20134 vs. 1\u20132,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Bradycardia was seen in eight patients of the D\n IV<\/jats:sub>\n group only.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Preoperative nebulized dexmedetomidine is as effective as and safer than IV dexmedetomidine in preventing laryngoscopic response among adults.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jrpp.jrpp_12_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T12:56:55Z","timestamp":1722949015000},"page":"123-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Preoperative Intravenous and Inhalational Dexmedetomidine on the Hemodynamic Response of Laryngoscopy: A Prospective Double-blinded Randomized Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shivanya","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, AIIMS, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mridul","family":"Dhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arhan","family":"Pasha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.175668","article-title":"Attenuation of pressor response following intubation:Efficacy of nitro-glycerine 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