{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:24:44Z","timestamp":1787772284883,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n \n Despite many attempts to treat leishmaniasis, new approaches are necessary to reduce the burden of disease.\n Perovskia abrotanoides<\/jats:italic>\n (Brazambel) has shown significant effects against\n Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n parasites in some studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of\n P. abrotanoides<\/jats:italic>\n extract topical formulation on cutaneous leishmaniasis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n In this randomized controlled clinical trial, patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were assigned to experimental (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 18) and control (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 18) groups. Both groups received intralesional meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime\n \u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n ). The experimental group also received 5% Brazambel extract ointment once a day. The interventions continued until the complete healing of the lesions (reepithelialization) for a maximum of 8 weeks. The clinical response, defined as complete response (reepithelialization >75%), partial response (reepithelialization 50%\u201375%), or treatment failure (reepithelialization <50%), was compared between the groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings:<\/jats:title>\n \n The percentage of reepithelialization in the experimental group (4\n th<\/jats:sup>\n week: 64.44 \u00b1 25.13; 8\n th<\/jats:sup>\n week: 83.85 \u00b1 11.54) was higher than the control group (4\n th<\/jats:sup>\n week: 53.97 \u00b1 25.88; 8\n th<\/jats:sup>\n week: 76.27 \u00b1 21.67); however, the differences were not statistically significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.252 and 0.494, respectively). Moreover, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding the rate of complete healing (88.9% vs. 72.2%, respectively).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n The use of\n P. abrotanoides<\/jats:italic>\n extract 5% topical formulation does not affect the healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jrpp.jrpp_13_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T11:55:04Z","timestamp":1714478104000},"page":"104-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effectiveness of Perovskia abrotanoides Extract Topical Formulation on the Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maryam Sadat","family":"Tayebi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Students\u2019 Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazila","family":"Poostiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"},{"name":"Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud Sadeghi","family":"Dinani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erfaneh","family":"Ghassami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasool","family":"Soltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hct116","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: Clinical syndromes and treatment","volume":"107","author":"McGwire","year":"2014","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"R2-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00011","article-title":"The geographical distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis causative agents in Iran and its neighboring countries, a review","volume":"8","author":"Ghatee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"R3-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19505","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.10.19505-en","article-title":"Leishmaniasis emergence in Europe","volume":"15","author":"Ready","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"21","key":"R4-20240907","first-page":"00108","article-title":"Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"S0001-7310","author":"Abad\u00edas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl ed)"},{"key":"R5-20240907","first-page":"61","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"11","author":"Moghaddamfar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Paramed Sci Mil Health"},{"key":"R6-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1155","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001155","article-title":"Comparative microsatellite typing of new world Leishmania infantum reveals low heterogeneity among populations and its recent old world origin","volume":"5","author":"Kuhls","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/24.4.684","article-title":"Human leishmaniasis: Clinical, diagnostic, and chemotherapeutic developments in the last 10 years","volume":"24","author":"Berman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R8-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.07.011","article-title":"Current status on prevention and treatment of canine leishmaniasis","volume":"227","author":"Reguera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"R9-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220058","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.220058","article-title":"Nanomedicine-based strategies to improve treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"9","author":"Goonoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"R Soc Open Sci"},{"key":"R10-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.702","article-title":"Electrocardiographic changes during treatment of leishmaniasis with pentavalent antimony (sodium stibogluconate)","volume":"34","author":"Chulay","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R11-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.3.560","article-title":"Chemotherapy for leishmaniasis: Biochemical mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and future strategies","volume":"10","author":"Berman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"R12-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1508","article-title":"Chemical composition of the essential oil of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. growing wild in Iran","volume":"20","author":"Sajjadi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Flavour Fragr J"},{"key":"R13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.56016","article-title":"The antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Perovskia abrotanoides Karel and its main components","volume":"71","author":"Mahboubi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"R14-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.10.041","article-title":"Screening of antiplasmodial properties among some traditionally used Iranian plants","volume":"121","author":"Esmaeili","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"R15-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6462804","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6462804","article-title":"A comparison between the effects of glucantime, topical trichloroacetic acid 50% plus glucantime, and fractional carbon dioxide laser plus glucantime on cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions","volume":"2016","author":"Jaffary","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"},{"key":"R16-20240907","first-page":"299","article-title":"Evaluation of leishmanicidal effect of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. root extract by in vitro leishmanicidal assay using promastigotes of Leishmania major","volume":"1","author":"Jaafari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacologyonline"},{"key":"R17-20240907","first-page":"64","article-title":"Treatment role of terpenoid fraction of Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. on zoonotic Cutaneous leishmaniasis in animal model","volume":"7","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trad Integr Med"},{"key":"R18-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1021\/np010032f","article-title":"Leishmanicidal, antiplasmodial, and cytotoxic activity of novel diterpenoid 1,2-quinones from Perovskia abrotanoides: New source of tanshinones","volume":"64","author":"Sairafianpour","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nat Prod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Research in Pharmacy 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