{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:58:44Z","timestamp":1785391124136,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence, severity, temporal profile, and management outcomes of flare reactions following ultrasound (US)-guided intra-articular steroid injection (IASI) for frozen shoulder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included adult patients undergoing US-guided glenohumeral joint IASI for frozen shoulder over 1 year. Flare reactions were assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale at 1-, 4-, and 24-h postinjection. Analgesic strategies were evaluated based on pain severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 84 patients, flare reaction occurred in 19 (22.6%). Most reactions were mild (63.2%) and self-limiting. Moderate-to-severe reactions (36.8%) required pharmacological treatment. Early-onset severe pain responded rapidly to low-dose sublingual buprenorphine, with complete relief in most patients within 4 h, while late-onset moderate pain was effectively managed with oral diclofenac. No adverse effects were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Flare reaction after IASI for frozen shoulder is not uncommon and, in most cases, can be effectively managed with appropriate analgesic strategies. Sublingual buprenorphine for moderate\u2013severe early-onset pain ensures effective symptom control without major side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jrpp.jrpp_15_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:04:07Z","timestamp":1785387847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Flare Reaction Following Intra-articular Steroid Injection in Frozen Shoulder. A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ankur","family":"Khandelwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanghamitra","family":"Sarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, State Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anirban","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhupen","family":"Barman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kashif Akhtar","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Agarwalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516669944","article-title":"Intra-articular steroid injection for frozen shoulder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis","volume":"45","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports 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underutilized potential in treatment of chronic pain","volume":"8","author":"Khanna","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pain Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Research in Pharmacy 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