{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:29:44Z","timestamp":1786728584871,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of topical timolol in treating facial angiofibromas (FAs) in pediatric patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A prospective clinical trial was conducted involving 15 children diagnosed with TSC and presenting with FAs. The participants were administered topical timolol gel 0.5% twice daily. Prior to the intervention, the severity of FAs in each patient was evaluated using the FA severity index (FASI), which assessed erythema, size, and extent of lesions. Clinical response was assessed at weeks 2 and 4 during the intervention period as well as 1 month after discontinuation of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings:<\/jats:title>\n \n Four weeks after discontinuing topical timolol 0.5%, statistically significant reductions were observed in the mean FASI score, erythema, size, and extent of lesions (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.012,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.008, respectively). FASI scores at 4 and 12 weeks postintervention, as well as 4 weeks after treatment cessation, demonstrated a significant decrease compared to baseline (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Erythema and extension scores also exhibited a significant decrease 1 month after treatment cessation compared to baseline (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05), while the mean size of lesions before and after the intervention did not show a statistically significant difference (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.004).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Topical timolol 0.5% represents a cost-effective and readily available treatment option for pediatric patients with FAs associated with tuberous sclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jrpp.jrpp_30_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T08:59:26Z","timestamp":1693213166000},"page":"144-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Topical Timolol for the Treatment of Facial Angiofibroma in Children with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Ghazavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sareh","family":"Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Mohammad","family":"Sabzghabaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negah","family":"Tavakolifard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omid","family":"Yaghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gita","family":"Faghihi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimia","family":"Afshar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahareh","family":"Abtahi-Naeini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"},{"name":"Pediatric Dermatology Division of Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13356","article-title":"Systemic effects of treatment with mTOR inhibitors in tuberous sclerosis complex:A comprehensive review","volume":"30","author":"Sadowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R2-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.08.001","article-title":"International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Group. 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angiofibroma","volume":"39","author":"Salido-Vallejo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R18-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13204","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex in 29 children:Clinical and genetic analysis and facial angiofibroma responses to topical sirolimus","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"R19-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18949","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of topical rapamycin-calcitriol for facial angiofibromas in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex:A prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial","volume":"183","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R20-20240907","first-page":"22","article-title":"Efficacy of topical timolol 0.5% in the treatment of acne and rosacea:A multicentric study","volume":"13","author":"Al 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