{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:21:48Z","timestamp":1787757708614,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n Nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion is one of the most painful procedures in the emergency department (ED). A recent study determined that giving intravenous (IV) midazolam before NGT insertion decreased patients' pain; however, the sample size was insufficient to draw the conclusions on safety. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who received IV midazolam for NGT insertion to determine the frequency of adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n All patients treated at a Level 1 trauma center ED from June 2016 to June 2019 who received IV midazolam for NGT insertion were included. The medical records were screened for the following serious adverse events: hypoxia, respiratory suppression, excessive somnolence\/sedation, hemodynamic instability, epistaxis, vomiting, and choking. Adverse events, patient demographics, chief complaint, diagnosis, disposition, number of midazolam administrations, dose per administration, and total dose were recorded for the analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings:<\/jats:title>\n Three out of 159 participants (2%) were identified as having an adverse event. In two cases, the adverse event was hypoxia, which was corrected with the administration of supplemental oxygen through nasal cannula. The third adverse event was somnolence noted in a patient who was also hypotensive and in atrial fibrillation around the time of midazolam administration.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n It is safe to premedicate patients with midazolam before NGT insertions. Patients with borderline oxygen saturation and those receiving opioid analgesics may warrant dose titration with close vital sign monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jrpp.jrpp_78_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T09:18:19Z","timestamp":1640337499000},"page":"144-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Safety Evaluation of Midazolam use for Nasogastric Tube Placement"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jenna B.","family":"Wells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Murman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison L.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-6-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1999.tb00149.x","article-title":"Strategies for reducing the pain and discomfort of nasogastric intubation","volume":"6","author":"Maglinte","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"R2-6-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4103\/jrpp.JRPP_19_80","article-title":"Effect of oral midazolam in pain relief of patients need nasogastric tube insertion: A clinical trial study","volume":"9","author":"Rouhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Res Pharm Pract"},{"key":"R3-6-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12961","article-title":"Does routine midazolam administration prior to nasogastric tube insertion in the emergency department decrease patients' pain?(A pilot study)","volume":"23","author":"Manning","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"R4-6-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1999.tb00153.x","article-title":"Comparison of topical anesthetics and vasoconstrictors vs. lubricants prior to nasogastric intubation: A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Singer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"R5-6-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.12.016","article-title":"Procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department: What are the risks?","volume":"23","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"R6-6-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(97)00022-X","article-title":"Midazolam: A review of therapeutic uses and toxicity","volume":"15","author":"Nordt","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R8-6-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.11.021","article-title":"Reassessing the methods of medical record review studies in emergency medicine research","volume":"45","author":"Worster","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jrpp.jrpp_78_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:51:11Z","timestamp":1787755871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jrpp.jrpp_78_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jrpp.jrpp_78_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["2319-9644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2319-9644","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}}}