{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:26:06Z","timestamp":1787775966810,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n \n The persistent threat of drug resistant malaria demands new cures. Low prevalence of malaria in the Indian state of Kerala compared with other proximal states led us to explore if there is any traditional practice in Kerala which may confer protection against malaria. In this context, our attention was drawn to \u201cPathimugam\u201d i.e.,\n Ceasalpinia sappan<\/jats:italic>\n whose heartwood is used to prepare a red aqueous extract which is a uniquely popular drink all over Kerala.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Aqueous<\/jats:italic>\n and methanolic extracts of various organs of\n C. sappan<\/jats:italic>\n were prepared and tested against\n Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n grown\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n culture using SYBR Green-I assay. The cytotoxicity of active extracts\/fractions was studied using mammalian HeLa cell line.\n In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n efficacy was determined using\n Plasmodium berghei<\/jats:italic>\n ANKA infected mice.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The highest antiplasmodial activities in the alcoholic and aqueous extracts were observed in leaf methanolic extract (IC 2 \u03bcg\/ml) and heartwood aqueous extract (IC 12.5 \u03bcg\/ml).\n C. sappan<\/jats:italic>\n extracts were equipotent against both chloroquine sensitive\n Pf3D7<\/jats:italic>\n and resistant\n Pf<\/jats:italic>\n INDO strains and showed suppression of % parasitemia in\n P. berghei<\/jats:italic>\n infected mice. Activity guided chromatographic fractionation of aqueous wood extract led to the fortification of antiplasmodial activity (IC 5 \u03bcg\/ml).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n Our results establish the antiplasmodial potential of\n C. sappan<\/jats:italic>\n and suggest that its regular use might have prophylactic or curative actions that may assist in keeping check on malaria in the Indian state of Kerala.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jvbd.jvbd_18_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T07:01:03Z","timestamp":1713423663000},"page":"426-434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimalarial potential of Kerala Ayurvedic Water \u201cPathimugam\u201d"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Naveen Kumar","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Drug Discovery Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India"},{"name":"Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinkar","family":"Sahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Drug Discovery Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R4-20240921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30324-6","article-title":"Malaria","volume":"10130","author":"Ashley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R5-20240921","first-page":"44","article-title":"Origins of Plant Derived Medicines","volume":"1","author":"Maridass","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ethnobot 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Evaluation of Caesalpinia sappan Heartwood","volume":"23","author":"Badami","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anc Sci Life"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vector Borne 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