{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:50:08Z","timestamp":1787071808817,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n Malaria remains a major cause of illness and death among under-five children in Tanzania, particularly in Butiama, a rural area in the Mara region, where high prevalence persists despite prevention efforts. This study examined predictors of insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) use among caregivers of under-five children in Butiama, aiming to strengthen malaria prevention and improve child health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design with multistage sampling to select 384 caregivers of children under-five from the Butiama District. Data were collected from April to May 2024 using a structured Swahili questionnaire on the Kobo Toolbox. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, starting with data cleaning and completeness checks. Univariate analysis included descriptive statistics, while bivariate analysis assessed relationships between categorical variables. Multivariate analysis identified predictors at p<0.05.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Among the participants, 82.3% owned a mosquito net, and 50.8% used it the night before the study. Femaleheaded households were 3.6 times more likely to use ITNs than male-headed ones (AOR=3.572, 95% CI [1.675\u2014 7.618], P=0.001). Awareness of immediate ITN use post-delivery increased likelihood by 2.9 times (AOR=2.918, 95% CI [1.868-7.159], P=0.044). Primary-educated individuals were 2.3 times more likely to use ITNs than those with none or primary incomplete (AOR=2.281, 95% CI [1.001-5.618], P=0.017). Self-employed individuals were 36.6% less likely to use ITNs than peasants or homemakers (AOR=0.366, 95% CI [0.161-0.835], P=0.037).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n This study reported a 50.8% ITN usage rate, below the national average. Key predictors of ITN use included being female, having primary education, and being aware of the correct timing for use. Targeted interventions, such as education campaigns and gender-sensitive strategies, are needed to improve ITN adoption and malaria prevention.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jvbd.jvbd_213_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T08:55:36Z","timestamp":1744016136000},"page":"428-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictors of insecticide-treated net utilization among caregivers of under-five children in Butiama District, Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Magnus Michael","family":"Sichalwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health, Nutrition, and Social Welfare Services, Butiama District Council, Mara, Tanzania"},{"name":"Family Welfare Primary Health and Preventive Services Organization, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadya Ramadhan","family":"Mhinte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health, Nutrition, and Social Welfare Services, Butiama District Council, Mara, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regnald Raymond","family":"Kimaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Welfare Primary Health and Preventive Services Organization, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"R1-20251215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18042119","article-title":"A Scoping review of selected studies on predictor variables associated with the malaria status among children under five years in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"18","author":"Obasohan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"25","key":"R5-20251215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1613528","article-title":"Severe malaria in African children \u2014 the need for continuing investment","volume":"375","author":"Maitland","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R6-20251215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2852-5","article-title":"Transmission risk beyond the village: entomological and human factors contributing to residual malaria transmission in an area approaching malaria elimination on the Thailand-Myanmar border","volume":"18","author":"Edwards","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"R7-20251215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2446-7","article-title":"Epidemiological characterization of malaria in rural southern Tanzania following China-Tanzania pilot joint malaria control baseline survey","volume":"17","author":"Khatib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"R8-20251215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed2010004","article-title":"Assessing the risk factors associated with malaria in the Highlands of Ethiopia: What do we need to know?","volume":"2","author":"Vajda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"R10-20251215","first-page":"403069","article-title":"Assessment of risk factors associated with malaria transmission in Tubu village, northern Botswana","volume":"2014","author":"Chirebvu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar Res Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"R13-20251215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0116300","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116300","article-title":"The Effect of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) on Plasmodium Falciparum infection in rural and semi-urban communities in the south west region of Cameroon","volume":"10","author":"Apinjoh","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"R15-20251215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-3078-2","article-title":"Characterising malaria connectivity using malaria indicator survey data","volume":"18","author":"Guerra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R21-20251215","first-page":"794261","article-title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices about malaria and its control in rural Northwest Tanzania","volume":"2010","author":"Mazigo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malar Res Treat"},{"key":"R22-20251215","first-page":"4","article-title":"Odds Ratio or Prevalence Ratio? 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