{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:27:57Z","timestamp":1787776077804,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background &amp; objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mosquito vectors are a significant cause of pathogen transmission to both animals and humans. Mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting various diseases, including chikungunya, filariasis, West Nile fever, dengue, malaria, and Zika fever, placing approximately 80% of the world\u2019s population at risk of infection at any given time. Controlling mosquitoes has become a multifaceted challenge, influenced by diverse environmental factors such as deforestation, urbanization, and climate change on a global scale. For centuries, medicinal plants have been utilized as bioinsecticides to control insect pests.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ziziphus mauritiana,<\/jats:italic>\n                      also known as Chinese apple or Indian jujube is a deciduous thorny tree or shrub. Different parts of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Z. mauritiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      plant have been traditionally used to treat various common diseases, a practice still prevalent in India and China.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the current investigation, the chemical properties of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Z. mauritiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaf extract were examined through UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), and GC-MS Analysis. Second and fourth instar larvae, as well as pupae, of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were subjected to different concentrations of the methanolic extract of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Z. mauritiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      for 24 h and 48 h to assess larvicidal and pupicidal activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The FT-IR spectrum analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups in the chemical compounds extracted from\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Z. mauritiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      , including amines, aromatics, alkanes, alkyls, carbonyls, and carboxylic acids. Additionally, GC-MS analysis identified Isoborneol (25.37%), 4-Acetylbutyric Acid (26.82%), and 2-Vinyl- 9-[Beta-D-Ribofuranosyl] Hypoxanthine (24.24%) as the three major phytoconstitutents in the methanol extracts of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Z. mauritiana.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Regarding the larvicidal activity, the methanolic extract of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Z. mauritiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited LC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values of 155.67 mg\/L and 208.57 mg\/L for second instar larvae, and 177.68 mg\/L and 252.13 mg\/L for fourth instar larvae of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cx. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ae. aegypti,<\/jats:italic>\n                      respectively, after 24 h of exposure. For pupicidal activity, the LC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values were 502.02 mg\/L and 514.99 mg\/L on pupae of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cx. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ae. aegypti,<\/jats:italic>\n                      respectively, within 24 h.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation &amp; conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, the GC-MS analysis provides valuable insights into the chemical composition of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Z. mauritiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract, highlighting its potential as a natural and eco-friendly alternative for combating insect vectors and contributing to integrated mosquito management programs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jvbd.jvbd_53_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T11:01:07Z","timestamp":1717671667000},"page":"555-563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Chemical composition and mosquitocidal activity of methanolic leaf extracts from Ziziphus mauritiana L. against Aedes aegypti L. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Ganesan","family":"Sumathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thambusamy","family":"Pushpanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthukumar","family":"Abhirami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R3-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2023.102989","article-title":"The mismatch of narratives and local ecologies in the everyday governance of water access and mosquito control in an urbanizing community","volume":"80","author":"Evans","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"issue":"12","key":"R4-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.09.013","article-title":"Anthropogenic changes and associated impacts on vector-borne diseases","volume":"37","author":"Wilke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"9","key":"R5-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e302","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30161-6","article-title":"The effect of global change on mosquito-borne disease","volume":"19","author":"Franklinos","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"R6-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16911","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53127-z","article-title":"Assessing the interplay between human mobility and mosquito borne diseases in urban environments","volume":"9","author":"Massaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"R7-20250115","first-page":"1","article-title":"Arbovirus vectors insects: are botanical insecticides an alternative for its management?","volume":"96","author":"Da Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"JPest Sci"},{"key":"R8-20250115","first-page":"311","article-title":"Environmental and health effects of pesticide residues. 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