{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:35:35Z","timestamp":1789065335511,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n Mosquitoes vectors are the key threat that spread viruses, bacteria, nematodes, protozoans, and other infections responsible for the transmission of serious public health ailments including dengue, yellow fever, malaria, and chikungunya.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n To rear and cultivate mosquitoes at multiple stages of development (egg, larva, pupa, and adult) to be employed in various biomedical research, an innovative tool mosquito larva adult 2-in-1 rearing jar was designed and developed. The eggs\/larvae or adults collected from the field or laboratory cultures can be released into the lower larvae or upper adult-rearing chamber so that they can find a suitable breeding place to oviposit or metamorphose into wrigglers and tumblers attaining the adult stage.\n Aedes, Anopheles,<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Culex<\/jats:italic>\n are three significant genera (Diptera: Culicidae) that were reared in experiments using this jar (Method I) in contrast to other conventional instruments available (Method II).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Results of one-way ANOVA showed that the prototype was compatible and competitive for rearing, as the data was non-significant when compared in both groups. However, throughout the trials, it was discovered that the prototype had a greater record of mean percentage of adult emergence (98.33), which supports the novelty of the instrument.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n This unique device eliminates the need for multiple tools, causes minimum bodily damage to stages during handling, can be used in both the lab and the field, is inexpensive, lightweight, portable, and requires single manpower to operate.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jvbd.jvbd_57_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T11:00:17Z","timestamp":1717671617000},"page":"574-580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Single jar for collecting and rearing mosquito life stages: An innovative prototype"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Neetu","family":"Kachhwaha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250115","first-page":"8","article-title":"The Role of Vector Trait Variation in Vector-Borne Disease Dynamics","author":"Cator","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"17","key":"R3-20250115","article-title":"Rearing of Culex spp. and Aedes spp","volume":"7","author":"Kauffman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mosquitoes. Bio Protoc"},{"key":"R4-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18502\/jhs.v7i2.1064","article-title":"A Narrative Review of the Control of Mosquitoes by Larvivorous Fish in Iran and the World","author":"Jafari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iranian J Heal Sci"},{"key":"R5-20250115","first-page":"2","article-title":"Water source most suitable for rearing a sensitive malaria vector, Anopheles funestus in the laboratory","author":"Tchigossou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R6-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-018-0098-5","article-title":"A highly secure method for rearing Aedes aegypti mosquitoes","volume":"46","author":"Ote","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"R7-20250115","first-page":"7","article-title":"Towards a sterile insect technique field release of Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in Sudan: Irradiation, transportation, and field cage experimentation","author":"Helinski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"R8-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2750-7","article-title":"Establishment of a medium-scale mosquito facility: Tests on mass production cages for Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"5","key":"R9-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/221-v","article-title":"Protocol for mosquito rearing (A. gambiae)","author":"Das","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Visualized Exp"},{"issue":"3","key":"R10-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8524(99)00079-6","article-title":"Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil","volume":"71","author":"Ansari","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"R11-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toy213","article-title":"Optimization of mass-rearing methods for Anopheles arabiensis larval stages: Effects of rearing water temperature and larval density on mosquito life-history traits","volume":"111","author":"Mamai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2511-z","article-title":"Establishment of a medium-scale mosquito facility: Optimization of the larval mass-rearing unit for Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"8","key":"R13-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161643","article-title":"Morphometric wing characters as a tool for mosquito identification","volume":"11","author":"Wilke","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"R14-20250115","article-title":"Identification key to the Anopheles mosquitoes of South America (Diptera: Culicidae). III. Male genitalia","volume":"13","author":"Sallum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"R15-20250115","first-page":"18","article-title":"Morphological Patterns of different mosquitoes International Conference on Ecofriendly & Socially responsive Economy and Equity: Issues and Challenges of 21st century for Emergent Sustainable Development amongst SAARC Countries","author":"Kachhwaha","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"R16-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.589.1.1","article-title":"Pictorial keys for the identification of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) associated with Dengue Virus Transmission","volume":"589","author":"RUEDA","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"1","key":"R18-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5070.129167","article-title":"The basic rules and methods of mosquito rearing (Aedes aegypti)","volume":"4","author":"Imam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop Parasitol"},{"key":"R19-20250115","first-page":"88","article-title":"An entomological study on dengue vector in the Nilgiris Hills, Tamil Nadu","volume":"1","author":"Bhuyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Hyg Public Heal"},{"key":"R20-20250115","first-page":"251","article-title":"Bioactivity of select essential oil constituents against life stages of Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae)","author":"Rants\u2019o","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"R21-20250115","first-page":"341","article-title":"Malaria: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutics. Ed 1. Viral, Parasitic, Bacterial, and Fungal Infections: Antimicrobial, Host Defense, and Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"1","author":"Adhikary","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"R22-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.1970.8.1.36","article-title":"Studies on the life cycle of Culex pipiens pallens in Korea","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"1970","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"key":"R23-20250115","first-page":"44","article-title":"The vector ecology of introduced Culex quinquefasciatus populations, and implications for future risk of West Nile virus emergence in the Gal\u00e1pagos archipelago","volume":"33","author":"Eastwood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med VetEntomol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R24-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/S0085-56262012005000005","article-title":"Development of the immature stages of Culex (Culex) saltanensis Dyar (Diptera, Culicidae) under laboratory conditions","volume":"56","author":"Zequi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Bras Entomol"},{"key":"R25-20250115","first-page":"29","article-title":"Techniques for successful colonization of many mosquito species","author":"Chapman","year":"1969","journal-title":"Mosq News"},{"key":"R26-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-193","article-title":"PCR detection of malaria parasites in desiccated Anopheles mosquitoes is uninhibited by storage time and temperature","volume":"11","author":"Rider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"R27-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03725-y","article-title":"Maintaining Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte infectivity during blood collection and transport for mosquito feeding assays in the field","volume":"20","author":"Soumare","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malar J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vector Borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/JVBD.jvbd_57_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:48:22Z","timestamp":1787773702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/JVBD.jvbd_57_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jvbd.jvbd_57_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-9062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-9062","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-27","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-03","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}