{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:27:21Z","timestamp":1787776041423,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background &amp; objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Molecular tests play a crucial role in diagnosis, however, acquiring appropriate controls is challenging owing to strict biosafety and biosecurity regulations. In this work, we suggest an alternative to live virus for inclusion as positive controls in molecular testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used inactivated antigens provided with ELISA kits, both as they are and after spiking the vector samples. The extracted RNA\/DNA was used as a positive control in RT-PCR\/PCR reactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PCR product of expected size and sequencing results confirmed that the inactivated antigens can be used as positive controls for dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis and lymphatic filariasis in molecular tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation &amp; conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrate that the inactivated antigens supplied with ELISA kits or obtained from microscopic slides can be used as positive controls in molecular tests while testing human and vector samples. This will be a useful technique for resource-constrained laboratories and during emergencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jvbd.jvbd_79_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T15:05:44Z","timestamp":1754319944000},"page":"254-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preliminary evaluation of inactivated antigens as diagnostic controls in molecular detection of vector-borne diseases in low-resource settings"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Manjini","family":"Harshavarthini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subbiah","family":"Kombiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India"},{"name":"College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyendra","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vagisha","family":"Rawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumaramangalath","family":"Anjal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India"},{"name":"Model Rural Health Research Unit, Datia, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pushpendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India"},{"name":"Model Rural Health Research Unit, Datia, India"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Research, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradip V","family":"Barde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Research, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India"},{"name":"ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Central Zone, Jabalpur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715759","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.715759","article-title":"Emerging and re-emerging vector-borne infectious diseases and the challenges for control: a review","volume":"9","author":"Chala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"R2-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714630","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.714630","article-title":"Emerging and re-emerging vector-borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":"8","author":"Rodriguez-Morales","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R3-20260604","first-page":"L190","article-title":"Climate change and emerging vector-borne diseases in India","volume":"11","author":"Bordoloi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Life Sci Pharma Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"R4-20260604","first-page":"27","article-title":"A literature review on vector borne diseases","volume":"6","author":"Obradovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Med Rev Case Rep"},{"key":"R5-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801238-3.02558-7","article-title":"Diagnostic techniques: serological and molecular approaches","author":"Vainionp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences"},{"issue":"9","key":"R6-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00598-5","article-title":"The importance of molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases in low-resource settings","volume":"19","author":"Okeke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R7-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2017.02.014","article-title":"Enhancing the sensitivity of Dengue virus serotype detection by RT-PCR among infected children in India","volume":"244","author":"Ahamed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"R8-20260604","first-page":"534","article-title":"Molecular characterization of chikungunya virus from Andhra Pradesh, India & phylogenetic relationship with Central African isolates","volume":"126","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R9-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.91","article-title":"Antigenic and genetic analysis of Japanese encephalitis viruses isolated from Korea","volume":"55","author":"Chung","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"R10-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.826","article-title":"A real-time PCR-based assay for detection of Wuchereria bancrofti DNA in blood and mosquitoes","volume":"74","author":"Rao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"R11-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_18_377","article-title":"Molecular studies on dengue viruses detected in patients from Central India","volume":"37","author":"Barde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.1.191-197.1998","article-title":"An internal control for routine diagnostic PCR: design, properties, and effect on clinical performance","volume":"36","author":"Rosenstraus","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vector Borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jvbd.jvbd_79_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:49:03Z","timestamp":1787773743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jvbd.jvbd_79_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jvbd.jvbd_79_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-9062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-9062","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-05","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}