{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T17:27:51Z","timestamp":1787851671633,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JWAS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Colonoscopy is an important armamentarium in the investigation of haematochezia. Patients with haematochezia are very anxious about the presence of blood in their faeces. They are usually referred for diagnostic colonoscopy based on the presence of blood in stool or anaemia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims\/Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To highlight the causes of haematochezia in patients over a 9-year prospective period in the Premier tertiary health centre in the South-South zone of Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n All Consecutive patients seen in our surgical services (June 1, 2009, to May 30, 2018) requiring colonoscopy for haematochezia were entered into a proforma. The demographics, findings at colonoscopy, and outcome of colonoscopy were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Three hundred and sixty-five colonoscopies were done during the study period; of these, 44% (160 patients) had a colonoscopy for haematochezia. Mean age of patients was 54.7 years. Age range was 16\u201386 years. Cluster age group was fifth to seventh decade (62.5%). The male-to-female ratio was 2:1. Causes of haematochezia were Haemorrhoids 32.5%, large bowel cancer 23.8%, diverticular disease 10%, inflammatory disease of the bowel 6.3%, polyps 3.8%. About 15% of the patients had more than one colonic site of bleeding. The most common subsites for colon cancer were rectum and sigmoid colon (79.6%), in 11 patients (6.8%) was the tumour within reach of the examining finger. Repeat colonoscopy occurred in 3 patients (0.8%). The most common complication of colonoscopy was bleeding (0.8%). Two patients (0.5%) had colonic perforation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Forty-four percent (44%) of colonoscopy in Benin, South-South Nigeria has haematochezia as its indication. The cluster age group is the fifth to seventh decade. One in four patients had colon cancer and in 6.8% the tumour was within reach of the examining finger. It is the authors\u2019 opinion that colonoscopy should be routinely done in patients with haematochezia in South-South Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_126_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T12:59:09Z","timestamp":1723121949000},"page":"275-279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Colonoscopy findings in patients with haematochezia in Benin (South-South Nigeria): A 9-year prospective study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Omorodion Omoruyi","family":"Irowa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Ikponmwosa","family":"Agbonrofo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent Isibor","family":"Odigie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.4103\/1117-6806.162575","article-title":"Endoscopic evaluation of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"21","author":"Ray-Offor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Niger J Surg"},{"key":"CIT0002-20240907","first-page":"245","article-title":"Indications for colonoscopy: An analysis based on indications and diagnostic yield","volume":"83","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1993","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"CIT0004-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4103\/1596-3519.188889","article-title":"Colonoscopy at a tertiary healthcare facility in Southwest Nigeria: Spectrum of indications and colonic abnormalities","volume":"15","author":"Akere","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"key":"CIT0005-20240907","first-page":"15","article-title":"Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in Enugu, Nigeria: An experience with 151 cases","volume":"9","author":"Picardo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Niger J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"CIT0007-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.4103\/0300-1652.110044","article-title":"Indications and findings at colonoscopy in Ilorin, Nigeria","volume":"54","author":"Olokoba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Niger Med J"},{"key":"CIT0008-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2010.02301.x","article-title":"Open-access colonoscopy: Outcomes of referrals from the emergency department","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"CIT0009-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-007-9251-7","article-title":"Colonoscopic perforations: A review of 30,366 patients","volume":"21","author":"L\u00fcning","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surg Endoscopy"},{"key":"CIT0010-20240907","first-page":"7","article-title":"Colonoscopic findings in patients presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleeding at The University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria","volume":"9","author":"Akere","year":"2017","journal-title":"Niger J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"CIT0011-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640616639160","article-title":"Quality of colonoscopy in an emerging country: A prospective, multicentre study in Russia","volume":"5","author":"Antipova","year":"2017","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"CIT0012-20240907","first-page":"822","article-title":"Distribution characteristics of colorectal neoplasm in 4450 patients and implication for colorectal cancer screening","volume":"13","author":"Leng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"CIT0013-20240907","first-page":"468","article-title":"Causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding on colonoscopy","volume":"29","author":"Jehangiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"CIT0014-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmq008","article-title":"Rectal bleeding in patients with haemorrhoids. 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