{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:25:46Z","timestamp":1787840746007,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J West Afr Coll Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are different histopathological variants of Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma (KS) aside the typical patch, plaque, and nodular variants. The baseline data of the unfamiliar variants of this lesion have not been determined in our environment. Their determination will bring to the foreclose differential diagnoses that may lead to diagnostic pitfalls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the histomorphological variants of KS in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital over a 3-year 2-month period from May 1, 2014, to July 31, 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective study. The patients were all adult human immunodeficiency virus-positive highly active antiretroviral therapy users who had symptomatic cutaneous lesions that were histopathologically identified as KS. The histopathological variants of KS were noted. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 16, was used to analyse the data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty patients had KS. The histomorphological variants (stages) of KS, as seen in this study, ranged from the typical progressive lesions of patch (13.2%), plaque (43.4%), and nodules (18.4%) to rarely diagnosed variants that are lymphangioma-like KS (6.6%), lymphangiectatic KS (5.2%), hyperkeratotic KS (1.3%), keloidal KS (9.2%), ecchymotic KS (1.3%), and pyogenic granuloma-like KS (1.3%). The mixed pattern (spindle cells and vascular channels) was the predominant (63%) histologic cellular group in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addition to the common histopathological subtypes of KS, this study also found less common histopathological variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_13_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T01:00:23Z","timestamp":1727917223000},"page":"306-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["To Determine the Histomorphological Variants of Kaposi\u2019s Sarcoma in HIV-infected Patients in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Anthony","family":"Eitokpah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhator Terence","family":"Azeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomic Pathology, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dele Eradebamwen","family":"Imasogie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4103\/1115-2613.278770","article-title":"The histopathological pattern of cutaneous vascular tumours: An institution based study","volume":"27","author":"Imasogie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"key":"CIT0002-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200004063421407","article-title":"Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma","volume":"342","author":"Antmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"CIT0008-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-3-31","article-title":"Histological variants of cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma","volume":"3","author":"Grayson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"CIT0009-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/1040-8428(96)00207-7","article-title":"Epidemic and non-epidemic Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma: Diagnosis, staging, and treatment","volume":"24","author":"Iwamasa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"CIT0010-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962009000400010","article-title":"Skin biopsy and its histopathologic analysis: Why? What for? How? Part I","volume":"4","author":"Werner","year":"2009","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"CIT0011-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604520","article-title":"Kaposi sarcoma incidence in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study before and after highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"99","author":"Francesechi","year":"2008","journal-title":"B J Cancer"},{"key":"CIT0012-20250613","first-page":"229","article-title":"CD4+ and CD8 lymphocytes and clinical features of HIV-seropositive Nigerians on presentation","volume":"32","author":"Onyemelukwe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Afr J Med Sci"},{"key":"CIT0013-20250613","first-page":"1069","article-title":"AIDS-associated Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma in north-eastern Nigeria","volume":"47","author":"Kagu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"CIT0014-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/1545109706290176","article-title":"Prevalence of Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma among adult HIV-seropositive patients seen in a designated HIV treatment and care center in Abuja, Nigeria","volume":"5","author":"Iregbu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care"},{"key":"CIT0015-20250613","first-page":"33","article-title":"Kaposi sarcoma in Calabar, Southern Nigeria","volume":"24","author":"Asuquo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"CIT0016-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-9596.117132","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical features of AIDS-associated Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma in Northern Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Ahmed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Int Surg"},{"key":"CIT0017-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-4-S2-P3","article-title":"Four year survival in untreated AIDS related Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma in Jos, Nigeria","volume":"4","author":"Agaba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Agents Cancer"},{"key":"CIT0018-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9368023","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9368023","article-title":"Kaposi sarcoma among HIV infected patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: A 14-year retrospective clinicopathological study","volume":"2016","author":"Akinde","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Skin Cancer"},{"key":"CIT0019-20250613","first-page":"125","article-title":"Trends and morphologic variants of Kaposi sarcoma as seen in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","volume":"13","author":"Menkiti","year":"2022","journal-title":"GSCARR"},{"key":"CIT0021-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2018.61","article-title":"Trends and histopathological patterns of Kaposi sarcoma at the university of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria","volume":"33","author":"Forae","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"CIT0022-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.30.8.687","article-title":"Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma: Histopathological study of 159 cases from Malawi","volume":"30","author":"O\u2019Connel","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Path"},{"key":"CIT0023-20250613","first-page":"174","article-title":"Histopathology of Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma in Jos: A 16-year review","volume":"3","author":"Mandong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of West African College of Surgeons"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_13_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:28:12Z","timestamp":1787837292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_13_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_13_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2276-6944","2992-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2276-6944","type":"print"},{"value":"2992-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-11","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-22","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}