{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:40:07Z","timestamp":1787071207163,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J West Afr Coll Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urethrography is a radiologic procedure that optimizes imaging evaluation of the urethra, particularly in settings of difficulty with micturition or urethral injury. Urethrography remains the gold standard imaging tool, providing reliable and accurate diagnosis and staging of urethral stricture disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 10-year review of patients\u2019 archive who had retrograde urethrography or combined urethrography examinations in a peripheral facility from January 2014 to December 2023 was carried out. A total of 247 patients with complete records who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Demographic data, clinical indications, and the imaging findings were documented. The data were collated, entered into a computer, and processed by the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23, to determine frequencies (means \u00b1 standard deviations). The results are presented using frequency tables and percentages as appropriate. A\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant with a confidence interval of 95%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The examination was normal in 89 (36.0%) patients. Urethral stricture was the commonest abnormality (44.5%) and commonly affects the bulbar urethra (70.9%). About 83.6% of the patients with stricture had 1\u20132 strictures while 16.4% had multiple urethral strictures. About 63.6% of patients with urethral strictures had short segment stricture, which was common at the bulbar urethra.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urethrography is an effective and cheap means of imaging the urethra mostly indicated on account of strictures and lower urinary tract symptoms. The urethral stricture is the commonest abnormal finding, which commonly affects the bulbar urethra.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_14_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T11:10:40Z","timestamp":1738667440000},"page":"181-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrograde Urethrography and Voiding Cystourethrography: Indications and Findings in Patients Presenting with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Jos, North-Central Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Igoh Emmanuel","family":"Owoicho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Jos\/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabkwet Epga","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Jos\/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iyua Kuleve","family":"Othniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Jos\/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsukwei","family":"Denen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Federal Medical Centre, Keffi Nasarawa State, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salaam Abdul","family":"Jimoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Jos\/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiwo Yetunde","family":"Folake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Jos\/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danjem Samuel","family":"Moses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Jos\/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Dogara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Jos\/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pam Stephen","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Jos\/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iroha","family":"Ugochukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Jos\/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.01.041","article-title":"Male urethral stricture disease","volume":"177","author":"Santucci","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"CIT0002-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2013.275","article-title":"Male urethral strictures and their management","volume":"11","author":"Hampson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"CIT0003-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afju.2015.10.001","article-title":"Ventral onlay graft bulbar urethroplasty using buccal mucosa","volume":"22","author":"Wessels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr J Urol"},{"key":"CIT0004-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.24si045504","article-title":"Imaging urethral disease: a pictorial review","volume":"24","author":"Kwashima","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"CIT0005-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09800.x","article-title":"Urethral strictures","volume":"107","author":"Mundy","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJU int"},{"key":"CIT0006-20250217","first-page":"2","article-title":"Imaging of urethral stricture disease","volume":"4","author":"Conrad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trans Androl Urol"},{"key":"CIT0007-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.5812\/iranjradiol.6357","article-title":"Evaluation of radiographic pattern of male urethral strictures in Nigeria: A preliminary report of a proposed new scoring system for developing countries","volume":"9","author":"Ahidjo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Radiol"},{"key":"CIT0008-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.9790\/0853-13435359","article-title":"Sonourethrography in the evaluation of male anterior urethra","volume":"13","author":"Hatagaonkar","year":"2014","journal-title":"IOSR J Dental Med Sci"},{"key":"CIT0009-20250217","first-page":"3","article-title":"Can Magnetic Resonance urethrography(MRU) be a single stop shop for male urethral stricture evaluation?","volume":"1","author":"Rastogi","year":"2016","journal-title":"JOJ Uro Nephron"},{"key":"CIT0011-20250217","first-page":"1545","article-title":"Patterns of urethral stricture disease in adult males referred for retrograde urethrography in Port Harcourt Rivers state, Nigeria","volume":"8","author":"Mbaba","year":"2019","journal-title":"IJBPAS"},{"key":"CIT0012-20250217","first-page":"33","article-title":"Retrograde Cystourethrogram Findings in Patients with Suspected Uretharal Strictures In Yenagoa, Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"Kiridi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pharm Biol Sci"},{"key":"CIT0013-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4103\/1117-1936.181316","article-title":"The new pattern of urethral stricture disease in Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"16","author":"Tijanni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Niger Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"CIT0014-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15831","article-title":"Male urethral stricture disease: why management guidelines are challenging in low-income countries","volume":"130","author":"Payne","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJU international"},{"key":"CIT0015-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05589-7","article-title":"Retrograde urethrography in children: a decade of experience at a children\u2019s hospital","volume":"53","author":"Elsingergy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr 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Monthly"},{"key":"CIT0020-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4103\/1596-3519.59572","article-title":"Oral mucosa grafts for urethral reconstruction","volume":"8","author":"Mungadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"key":"CIT0021-20250217","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pattern of presentation and management of male urethral strictures in a resource-limited community: Challenges and outcome","volume":"18","author":"Abubakar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Borno Med J"}],"container-title":["Journal of West African College of 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