{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:19:13Z","timestamp":1787847553142,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743811200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J West Afr Coll Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury results in chronic knee instability and early development of knee osteoarthritis. Increased Q angle has been postulated as a risk factor for ACL injury. Individuals at risk of sustaining ACL injuries would benefit from participating in injury prevention programmes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the mean value of the Q angle in adult participants with and without ACL injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a hospital-based case\u2013control study comprised of 56 patients divided into two matched groups. Q angle was measured in both knees, following the same surface goniometry measurement protocol. An independent sample\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test was used to compare the means of the measured Q angle between cases and controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The difference in the measured Q angle between the ACL-injured group and the non-ACL-injured group was found to be statistically significant, with those in the ACL-injured group having higher values in standing and supine positions (12.73 \u00b1 1.5\u00b0 vs. 11.40 \u00b1 1.5\u00b0 and 12.32 \u00b1 1.2\u00b0 vs. 11.07 \u00b1 1.4\u00b0) with a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value of &lt;0.001.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with ACL injury in our population of Black patients have a significantly greater Q angle than those without ACL injury when measured in the standing and supine positions using surface goniometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_152_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:01:22Z","timestamp":1743984082000},"page":"54-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of Increased Quadriceps Angle as a Risk Factor for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Temitayo T.","family":"Koyejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, 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