{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:04:24Z","timestamp":1787169864501,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum usually as a result of a localized or generalized infection. Secondary peritonitis which is the most common type follows an infective process in a visceral organ. The role of peritoneal cultures and use of antibiotics effective against culture results remain controversial.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n This study was conducted to determine the bacterial and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients with secondary peritonitis. It also compared the use of empirical antibiotics and culture-sensitive antibiotics with outcomes of patients with secondary peritonitis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A prospective randomized clinical study was conducted. Five millilitres of peritoneal fluid was sampled intra-operatively, and microscopy, culture, and sensitivity testing was performed in patients with secondary peritonitis. The patients, randomized into two groups, had antibiotics administered for 7 days. The first group had empirical antibiotics throughout (Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole), whereas the second group had empirical antibiotics (Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole) for the first 2 days and antibiotics according to the sensitivity report for the remaining 5 days. The\n post-hoc<\/jats:italic>\n analysis was also done on a third group, who, even though were randomized to either groups, had no growth on culture of peritoneal fluid.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The commonest pathogens identified from the peritoneal culture of the participants were\n Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Anaerococcus<\/jats:italic>\n group, and\n Bacteroides fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n . Complications including mortality were significantly higher in those who received empirical antibiotics than those who received culture-sensitive antibiotics.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The outcome of antibiotics administration in patients with secondary peritonitis with a positive culture was better in those who received culture-sensitive antibiotics than those who received empirical antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_155_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T06:36:42Z","timestamp":1694759802000},"page":"82-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Bacterial and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Secondary Peritonitis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Adedoyin Babatunde","family":"Ojo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Omoareghan Irabor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199111000-00001","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment for surgical peritonitis","volume":"214","author":"Mosdell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R4-13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199607000-00003","article-title":"Management of secondary peritonitis","volume":"224","author":"Wittmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R5-13-20240907","first-page":"34","article-title":"Aerobic bacterial causes of secondary peritonitis and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns among HIV negative patients with non-traumatic small bowel perforations in Mbarara regional referral hospital","volume":"18","author":"Mutiibwa","year":"2013","journal-title":"East Cent Afr J Surg"},{"key":"R6-13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-013-1055-2","article-title":"The microbiology of bacterial peritonitis due to appendicitis in children","volume":"183","author":"Obinwa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"R7-13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3396\/ijic.v11i4.027.15","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of abdominal surgical site infection in a Nigerian tertiary health care centre","volume":"11","author":"Adejumo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Infect Control"},{"key":"R9-13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6825.469","article-title":"Community surveillance of complications after hernia surgery","volume":"304","author":"Bailey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"R10-13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-015-0110-4","article-title":"Spectrum adequacy of antibiotic regimens for secondary peritonitis: A retrospective analysis in intermediate and intensive care unit patients","volume":"14","author":"Steinbach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"R11-13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-1633.2010.00506.x","article-title":"Causes and treatment outcome of perforation peritonitis in north eastern Nigeria","volume":"14","author":"Ali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Pract"},{"key":"R12-13-20240907","first-page":"29","article-title":"Stratified outcome evaluation of peritonitis","volume":"11","author":"Wabwire","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Afr Surg"},{"key":"R13-13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18588","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73356-x","article-title":"Antibiotic sensitivity in correlation to the origin of secondary peritonitis: A single center analysis","volume":"10","author":"Grotel\u00fcschen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R14-13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1159\/000072709","article-title":"Treatment of secondary peritonitis: Is a less expensive broad-spectrum antibiotic as effective as a carbapenem?","volume":"20","author":"Genn\u00e9","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig Surg"},{"key":"R15-13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e573","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.573","article-title":"Perspectives on paralytic ileus","volume":"7","author":"Weledji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acute Med Surg"},{"key":"R16-13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200201000-00005","article-title":"Pathogenesis of paralytic ileus","volume":"235","author":"Schwartz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R17-13-20240907","first-page":"82","article-title":"Inpatient economic burden of postoperative ileus associated with abdominal surgery in the United States","volume":"32","author":"Goldstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"P T"},{"key":"R18-13-20240907","first-page":"485","article-title":"Economic burden of postoperative ileus associated with colectomy in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Iyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Manag Care Pharm"},{"key":"R19-13-20240907","first-page":"23","article-title":"Outcome of patients with severe abdominal sepsis in intensive care experience at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital","volume":"25","author":"Morar","year":"2010","journal-title":"South Afr J Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"R20-13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e034326","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034326","article-title":"Global epidemiology of acute generalised peritonitis: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Tochie","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R21-13-20240907","first-page":"93","article-title":"Commonest organisms and antibiotic sensitivity in peritonitis due to duodenal ulcer perforation in Krishna Hospital, Karad","volume":"4","author":"Punamiya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci Res"},{"key":"R22-13-20240907","first-page":"84","article-title":"[The Mannheim Peritonitis Index","volume":"58","author":"Linder","year":"1987","journal-title":"An instrument for the intraoperative prognosis of peritonitis]. Chirurg"},{"key":"R23-13-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.4103\/0189-6725.194669","article-title":"Outcome of primary closure of abdominal wounds following laparotomy for peritonitis in children","volume":"13","author":"Kache","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr J Paediatr Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of West African College of Surgeons"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_155_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:14:15Z","timestamp":1787166855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_155_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_155_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2276-6944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2276-6944","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}}}