{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:39:26Z","timestamp":1787841566285,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J West Afr Coll Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Commonly referred to as a \u201cporcelain gallbladder (PGB),\u201d gallbladder calcification is usually asymptomatic. It is observed that chronic inflammation of the gallbladder can occur as a result of another underlying condition, specifically gallstone disease. In the past, there was a belief that PGB had a correlation with gallbladder cancer, with an incidence rate of 30%. However, recent studies have indicated that the rate is only 5%\u201322%. Patients diagnosed with PGB, who are deemed to be at an elevated risk of developing cancer may undergo prophylactic cholecystectomies. However, recent research indicates that a subset of these patients may potentially avoid this surgical intervention. As a result of the increased risk of gallbladder cancer, and the difficulty of holding and retracting the gallbladder, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was not often recommended for patients with PGBs in the past. However, with the advancement of technology laparoscopy is now a choice for such difficult cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Here we report a case of PGB in a 55-year-old female patient who complained of intermittent pain in the right upper abdomen with vaginal discharge. She was successfully managed laparoscopically.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_168_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T02:11:06Z","timestamp":1723428666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Entirely Calcified Porcelain Gallbladder: Challenges, Management, and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Dharmendra Kumar","family":"Pipal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Vardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakash","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibha Rani","family":"Pipal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himanshu","family":"Jatoliya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Sirohi, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1978.01370170056010","article-title":"Calcified gallbladder (porcelain gallbladder)","volume":"113","author":"Ashur","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"CIT0002-20240907","first-page":"933","article-title":"Porcelain gallbladder","volume":"166","author":"Opatrny","year":"2002","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"CIT0003-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2001.113888","article-title":"Carcinoma in the porcelain gallbladder: A relationship revisited","volume":"129","author":"Stephen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"CIT0004-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11061073","article-title":"Management of porcelain gallbladder, its risk factors, and complications: A review","volume":"11","author":"Morimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"CIT0005-20240907","first-page":"115","article-title":"Faut-il op\u00e9rer les v\u00e9sicules porcelaine par laparoscopie?","volume":"140","author":"Lacaine","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Chir (Paris)"},{"key":"CIT0006-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967017","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/967017","article-title":"Biliary complications postlaparoscopic cholecystectomy: Mechanism, preventive measures, and approach to management: A review","volume":"2011","author":"Machado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diagn Ther Endosc"},{"key":"CIT0007-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.4293\/108680812X13462882736493","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in cirrhotics","volume":"16","author":"Machado","year":"2012","journal-title":"JSLS"},{"key":"CIT0008-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-013-0362-x","article-title":"Porcelain gallbladder","volume":"33","author":"Ansari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"CIT0009-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-012-0545-1","article-title":"Porcelain gallbladder mimicking carcinoma gallbladder\u2014A case report and review of literature","volume":"75","author":"Shivanna Puttasubbappa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"key":"CIT0010-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e416","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.2016.16.04.003","article-title":"Porcelain gallbladder: Decoding the malignant truth","volume":"16","author":"Machado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J"},{"key":"CIT0011-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.152.1.6729103","article-title":"Porcelain gallbladder: Ultrasound and CT appearance","volume":"152","author":"Kane","year":"1984","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"CIT0012-20240907","first-page":"187","article-title":"Colecistectomie laparoscopic\u0103 pentru vezicul\u0103 de por\u0163elan","volume":"100","author":"Puia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chirurgia (Bucur)"},{"key":"CIT0013-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02070.x","article-title":"Primary gallbladder cancer: Recognition of risk factors and the role of prophylactic cholecystectomy","volume":"95","author":"Sheth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"CIT0014-20240907","first-page":"202","article-title":"Beware of the porcelain gallbladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"1","author":"Welch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Surg Laparosc Endosc"},{"key":"CIT0015-20240907","first-page":"950","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with porcelain gallbladder based on the preoperative ultrasound findings","volume":"51","author":"Kwon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"CIT0016-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-009-0543-y","article-title":"Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Is it more than a challenge?","volume":"24","author":"Ersin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"CIT0017-20240907","first-page":"695","article-title":"One-wound laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"84","author":"Navarra","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"CIT0018-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2011.257","article-title":"Reassessing the need for prophylactic surgery in patients with porcelain gallbladder: Case series and systematic review of the literature","volume":"146","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"CIT0019-20240907","first-page":"246","article-title":"Vezicula de por\u0163elan--abord laparoscopic","volume":"107","author":"T\u00e2rcoveanu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chirurgia (Bucur)"},{"key":"CIT0020-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481508101005","article-title":"Porcelain gallbladder: No longer an indication for prophylactic cholecystectomy","volume":"81","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of West African College of Surgeons"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_168_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:01:42Z","timestamp":1787839302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_168_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_168_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2276-6944","2992-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2276-6944","type":"print"},{"value":"2992-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-23","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-20","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}