{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:37:53Z","timestamp":1793367473662,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J West Afr Coll Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Contrast swallow (CS) under fluoroscopic guidance remains an important investigation in exploring functional and structural oesophageal disorders. However, paucity of functional fluoroscopic machines in most secondary\/tertiary hospitals and diagnostic centres in Nigeria makes the investigation less popular. Commendably, many radiologists currently improvise static X-ray machines to produce \u201cnon-fluoroscopic\u201d CS spot images useful in investigating structural oesophageal pathologies. Unfortunately, both fluoroscopic and static CS are often limited in younger children by sub-optimal positioning with attendant risk of aspiration in the uncooperative minor.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This manuscript presents a simple modified technique for diagnosing structural oesophageal lesions in younger children using the regular over-table X-ray machine angulated 30\u00b0 cranially, while the child is positioned in 30\u00b0 semi-recumbent position on a wedged imaging plate for additional comfort and stability. Flavoured contrast agent was then given in the same position and spot images were obtained. CS images\/reports of younger children (\u22646 years) conducted by a consultant radiologist over a 3-year period using the aforementioned technique were also reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The 22 retrieved cases of CS included children with median age of 2.0 years. The most common indications were postoperative assessment of surgical correction (45.5%) and dysphagia following corrosive substance ingestion (31.8%). Corrosive oesophageal stricture (29%) was the most prevalent oesophageal structural abnormality reported. All the studies produced clear spot images with conclusive diagnostic quality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Although not previously reported in published English literature, non-fluoroscopic CS in semi-recumbent position is helpful in assessing structural oesophageal abnormality when fluoroscopy is unavailable.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_175_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:02:05Z","timestamp":1793282525000},"page":"386-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Modified Technique for Non-fluoroscopic Contrast Swallow in Younger Children Presenting in Resource Limited Setting"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Adeniyi S.","family":"Aderibigbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v12.i10.213","article-title":"Fluoroscopy: An essential diagnostic modality in the age of high-resolution cross-sectional imaging","volume":"12","author":"Shalom","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"key":"CIT0003-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162205000289","article-title":"Comparison of clinical and videofluoroscopic evaluation of children with feeding and swallowing difficulties","volume":"47","author":"DeMatteo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"CIT0004-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.7191\/jgr.2020.1072","article-title":"Diagnostic radiology in Nigeria: A country report","volume":"6","author":"Idowu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Glob Radiol"},{"key":"CIT0005-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1743-2","article-title":"Gastrointestinal tract imaging in children: Current techniques","volume":"41","author":"Hiorns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"CIT0006-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9774-y","article-title":"History and evolution of the barium swallow for evaluation of the pharynx and oesophagus","volume":"32","author":"Levine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"CIT0007-20261030","first-page":"C-1426","article-title":"Esophagus: Spectrum of pathologies on barium swallow","author":"Dhamija","year":"2013","journal-title":"ECR"},{"key":"CIT0008-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.47672\/ejhs.1449","article-title":"Relevance of barium studies in an era of cross-sectional imaging in a low resource economy","volume":"9","author":"Osho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Euro J Health Sci"},{"key":"CIT0009-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2021.29188.abm","article-title":"Academy of breastfeeding medicine position statement and guideline: Infant feeding and lactation-related language and gender","volume":"16","author":"Bartick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"key":"CIT0010-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13309","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.13309","article-title":"The effects of different nursing positions during preterm infants feeding on gastric residual volume and emptying rate: A systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis","volume":"30","author":"Elhusein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Pract"},{"key":"CIT0011-20261030","first-page":"87","article-title":"Pattern of findings among patients undergoing barium studies in Kano metropolis, Nigeria","volume":"31","author":"Hassan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pakis J Radiol"},{"key":"CIT0012-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.54393\/pbmj.v5i5.511","article-title":"Frequency of gastrointestinal diseases diagnosed on barium contrast studies: Frequency of gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"5","author":"Khalid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pakis BioMed J"}],"container-title":["Journal of West African College of Surgeons"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_175_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:00:21Z","timestamp":1793365221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_175_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_175_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2276-6944","2992-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2276-6944","type":"print"},{"value":"2992-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-28","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-07","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}