{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:40:05Z","timestamp":1787071205961,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J West Afr Coll Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the relationship between central cornea thickness and glaucoma severity will help in assessing individualised risk and will enhance evidence-based decision-making in the early diagnosis and management of glaucoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to determine the correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and the severity of glaucoma at different stages of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) at the Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Lokoja, Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study of POAG patients at presentation to FMC, Lokoja. Biodata, use of anti-glaucoma medications, and family history of glaucoma were obtained. Examinations included visual acuity, central visual fields, slit lamp examination, pachymetry, gonioscopy, indirect fundoscopy, and fundus photograph. The correlation between CCT and the above parameters was ascertained. Using the mean deviation, the severity of glaucoma was classified: as mild glaucoma &lt;\u22126 dB, moderate glaucoma \u22126 to \u221212 dB, severe glaucoma \u221212 to \u221218 dB, and end-stage glaucoma &gt;\u221218 dB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 242 eyes of 121 POAG patients were studied. The male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. The mean age was 55 \u00b1 10 years (range = 40\u201378 years). Most (65.7%) had not used anti-glaucoma medications and 17.4% gave a positive family history of glaucoma. There was no clinical correlation between positive family history and CCT (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.71) and no correlation between family history and glaucoma severity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.96). The patients were classified as mild glaucoma 63(29.9%), moderate glaucoma 95(45%), severe glaucoma 30 (14.2%), and end-stage glaucoma 23 (10.9%). The mean CCT was 508.0 \u00b1 32\u03bcm. There was a decrease in CCT from 517.94 \u00b1 26\u03bcm in mild glaucoma to 504.96 \u00b1 40\u03bcm in end-stage glaucoma; this difference was statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.031). The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 24 \u00b1 7\u2009mm Hg, whereas the mean corrected IOP was 27 \u00b1 8\u2009mm Hg.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a negative significant correlation between CCT and glaucoma severity and between CCT and true IOP. CCT did not correlate with age, sex, family history, or laterality of POAG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_1_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T11:09:35Z","timestamp":1738667375000},"page":"146-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Central Corneal Thickness and Its Association with the Severity of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ibitola","family":"Enesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Lokoja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thelma","family":"Ndife","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria"},{"name":"National Eye Centre, Kaduna, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Kyari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abimbola","family":"Odi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Lokoja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.06.004","article-title":"An assessment of the health and economic burdens of glaucoma","volume":"152","author":"Varma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CIT0002-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040 A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"CIT0003-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3126\/nepjoph.v11i1.25418","article-title":"Central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in patients of primary open angle glaucoma and normal population in Nepalese population: A hospital based study","volume":"11","author":"Agarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nepal J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CIT0004-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","article-title":"The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020","volume":"90","author":"Quigley ATB","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CIT0005-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.110605","article-title":"Epidemiology of glaucoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: Prevalence, incidence and risk factors","volume":"20","author":"Kyari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CIT0007-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-009-0702-7","article-title":"Relationship between central corneal thickness and visual field defect in open-angle glaucoma","volume":"53","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CIT0008-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000335","article-title":"Central corneal thickness in glaucoma","volume":"28","author":"Sng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CIT0009-20250217","first-page":"148","article-title":"Central corneal thickness of whites and blacks in glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous populations","volume":"2","author":"LaRosa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CIT0010-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.03.016","article-title":"Predictors of long-term progression in the early manifest glaucoma trial","volume":"114","author":"Leske","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"CIT0011-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.9.1270","article-title":"Clinical significance of central corneal thickness in the management of glaucoma","volume":"122","author":"Shih","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CIT0012-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.1.17","article-title":"Central corneal thickness as a risk factor for advanced glaucoma damage","volume":"122","author":"Herndon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CIT0013-20250217","first-page":"132","article-title":"Correlation between central corneal thickness and visual field defects, cup to disc ratio and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in primary open angle glaucoma patients","volume":"33","author":"Sarfraz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pakistan J Med Sci"},{"key":"CIT0014-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-322X.150812","article-title":"Central corneal thickness in primary angle closure and open angle glaucoma","volume":"9","author":"Moghimi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"key":"CIT0015-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0265","article-title":"Central corneal thickness correlated with glaucoma damage and rate of progression","volume":"46","author":"Jonas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"CIT0016-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31823c51f7","article-title":"A study of central corneal thickness in glaucoma and nonglaucoma patients in a West African population","volume":"31","author":"Ntim-Amponsah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"CIT0017-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2012.01.008","article-title":"Relationship between central corneal thickness and progression of visual field loss in patients with open-angle glaucoma","volume":"47","author":"Cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"CIT0018-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000646","article-title":"Intrasubject difference in CCT among POAG versus normal individuals","volume":"92","author":"Yazdani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"CIT0019-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702350","article-title":"Corneal thickness and visual field damage in glaucoma patients","volume":"21","author":"Papadia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"CIT0020-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701533","article-title":"Evaluation of risk factors for advanced glaucoma in Ghanaian patients","volume":"19","author":"Ntim-Amposah","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye"}],"container-title":["Journal of West African College of Surgeons"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_1_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:43:04Z","timestamp":1787067784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_1_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_1_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2276-6944","2992-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2276-6944","type":"print"},{"value":"2992-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-20","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}