{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:29:34Z","timestamp":1787776174361,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J West Afr Coll Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain relief for lower limb orthopaedic surgeries is achievable with epidural anaesthesia. This study compared the analgesic effects of epidural anaesthesia with magnesium sulphate or fentanyl adjuvant in patients scheduled for elective lower limb orthopaedic surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A double-blind randomisation study was carried out on 96 patients categorised into three groups; M, F, and C. All participants received 18\u2009mL of 0.5% bupivacaine plus 1.5\u2009mL of 75\u2009mg magnesium sulphate in Group M or 50\u2009mg of fentanyl in Group F or normal saline in Group C via the lumbar epidural route. Variables including the onset time of sensory and motor blockade, duration of anaesthesia, and time for postoperative Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score of 3 were summarised using mean, median, standard deviation, and percentages as appropriate. A\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean onset time for the sensory blockade at T8 was 23.7 \u00b1 5.3, 20.5 \u00b1 3.4, and 17.9 \u00b1 5.6\u2009min for groups C, F, and M, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). The onset time for the motor blockade (Bromage score 3) was 29.8 \u00b1 4.0, 26.6 \u00b1 3.5, and 24.5 \u00b1 5.3\u2009min in groups C, F, and M, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). The duration of epidural anaesthesia was 121.6 \u00b1 31.5, 145.9 \u00b1 29.6, and 167.0 \u00b1 27.0\u2009min in groups C, F, and M, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). The time to attain an NRS pain score of 3 was 133.2 \u00b1 27.7, 151.8 \u00b1 32.4, and 172.0 \u00b1 30.9\u2009min in groups C, F, and M, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Magnesium sulphate is better as an epidural adjuvant compared to fentanyl in patients undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_37_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T02:00:13Z","timestamp":1727834413000},"page":"291-297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Magnesium Sulphate Versus Fentanyl as Adjuncts to Epidural Anaesthesia for Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgeries: A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Oluwole Fiwawola","family":"Olatunji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinuola A.","family":"Adigun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olayinka R.","family":"Eyelade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-1237(08)80048-2","article-title":"Regional anaesthesia techniques for orthopaedic surgery","volume":"64","author":"Khanduri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"CIT0002-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318286061d","article-title":"Perioperative comparative effectiveness of the anaesthetic technique in orthopaedic patients","volume":"118","author":"Memtsoudis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"CIT0003-20250613","first-page":"449","article-title":"The effect of a single dose of magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to epidural bupivacaine for infraumbilical surgeries: A prospective double-blind, randomized control 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