{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:38:36Z","timestamp":1793367516454,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775260800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J West Afr Coll Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) Doppler assessment of the prostate can complement TRUS-guided biopsy of the prostate in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to correlate the trans-rectal Doppler sonography findings and tumour grade in Nigerian men with prostate carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective longitudinal study of men counselled for prostate biopsy after a written informed consent was obtained. Patients who met the inclusion criteria had six (sextant) core biopsy samples taken from the peripheral zone of the prostate. In addition, targeted biopsies from areas of increased vascularity on colour Doppler ultrasound outside the six core areas were also included in the study. Pathological results were correlated with the imaging data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. The mean age was 70.22 \u00b1 8.91 years. The median Gleason grade was 8.0, indicative of a high-grade tumour among the patients. All 69 patients had prostatic adenocarcinoma on histological examination. Overall, 69.6% had high-grade tumours on TRUS Doppler sonography-guided biopsy, indicating a high percentage of high-grade tumours. There was a statistically significant correlation between the Doppler ultrasoundfindings and Gleason score (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.837;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Addition of colour Doppler scan to routine TRUS examination can help map out areas for targeted biopsies during prostate biopsies. Areas of increased vascularity correlated with high Gleason\u2019s grade and tumour grade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_41_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:01:23Z","timestamp":1777910483000},"page":"433-437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation between Transrectal Doppler Sonography and Tumour Grade in Nigerian Men with Prostate Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Christopher Onyeka","family":"Otene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Federal Medical Center, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chidi Kingsley","family":"Oranusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander Maduaburochukwu Ekwunife","family":"Nwofor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chisolum Ogechukwu","family":"Okafor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20261030","first-page":"225","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2009","volume":"59","author":"Jemal","year":"2009","journal-title":"CA Cancer J"},{"key":"CIT0002-20261030","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"CIT0004-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64966-8","article-title":"Prostate cancer in Nigerians: Facts and nonfacts","volume":"157","author":"Osegbe","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"CIT0005-20261030","first-page":"159","article-title":"Increased incidence of prostate cancer in Nigerians","volume":"91","author":"Ogunbiyi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"CIT0006-20261030","first-page":"65","article-title":"Cancer of the prostate: Experience at Nnewi, southeast Nigeria","volume":"7","author":"Nwofor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"CIT0007-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.4103\/1596-3519.68353","article-title":"An overview of cancer of the prostate diagnosis and management in Nigeria: The experience in a Nigerian tertiary hospital","volume":"9","author":"Ajape","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"key":"CIT0009-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.05.049","article-title":"Systemic review of complications of prostate biopsy","volume":"64","author":"Stacy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"CIT0010-20261030","first-page":"e1422","article-title":"Evaluation of prostatic lesions by transrectal ultrasound, color Doppler, and the histopathological correlation","volume":"39","author":"Sachin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"CIT0011-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d7894","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d7894","article-title":"Short term outcome of prostate biopsy in men tested for cancer by prostate specific antigen:prospective evaluation within ProtecT study","volume":"344","author":"Rosario","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"CIT0012-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.06.057","article-title":"Complications after prostate biopsy: Data from SEER-Medicare","volume":"186","author":"Loeb","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"CIT0013-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.11.015","article-title":"Increasing hospital admission rates for urological complications after transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy","volume":"189","author":"Nam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"CIT0014-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00013644-200109000-00008","article-title":"Color Doppler imaging of the prostate: Important adjunct to endorectal ultrasound of the prostate in the diagnosis of prostate cancer","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"key":"CIT0015-20261030","first-page":"1985","article-title":"Evaluation of resistance index in patients with prostate cancer","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"CIT0016-20261030","first-page":"43","article-title":"Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research","volume":"19","author":"Bartlett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Inf Technol Learn Perform J"},{"key":"CIT0017-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2013.002","article-title":"Complications of transrectal ultrasound-guided 12- core prostate biopsy: A single-centre experience with 2049 patient","volume":"39","author":"Efesoy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turk J Urol"},{"key":"CIT0018-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/68418881","article-title":"Detection of prostate cancer with three-dimensional transrectal ultrasound: Correlation with biopsy results","volume":"85","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"CIT0019-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38664-0","article-title":"Random systematic versus directed ultrasound guided transrectal core biopsies of the prostate","volume":"142","author":"Hodge","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"CIT0020-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.4103\/JMU.JMU_108_19","article-title":"Role of transrectal ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Vikrant","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Ultrasound"},{"key":"CIT0021-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a030361","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a030361","article-title":"The epidemiology of prostate cancer","volume":"8","author":"Claire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Prospect Med"},{"key":"CIT0022-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(03)00470-9","article-title":"Bisacodyl rectal preparation can decrease infectious complications of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy","volume":"62","author":"Jeon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"CIT0023-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.04.104","article-title":"The accuracy of different biopsy strategies for the detection of clinically important prostate cancer: A computer simulation","volume":"188","author":"Lecornet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"CIT0024-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0221-0363(06)73994-4","article-title":"Transrectal ultrasound and biopsy of the prostate","volume":"87","author":"Lema\u00eetre","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Radiol"},{"key":"CIT0025-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2004.03.021","article-title":"Correlation of power Doppler with microvessel density in assessing prostate needle biopsy","volume":"59","author":"Wilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"CIT0026-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.07.067","article-title":"Targeted biopsy of the prostate: The impact of color Doppler imaging and elastography on prostate cancer detection and Gleason score","volume":"70","author":"Nelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urology"}],"container-title":["Journal of West African College of Surgeons"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_41_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:00:19Z","timestamp":1793365219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_41_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_41_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2276-6944","2992-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2276-6944","type":"print"},{"value":"2992-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-13","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}