{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:37:53Z","timestamp":1793367473672,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J West Afr Coll Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical site infection is a major cause of post-operative morbidity and mortality, and pre-operative skin preparation is a measure taken to reduce it. The agents used for skin preparation are either chlorhexidine-based or iodine-based, with no consensus on the ideal pre-operative skin preparation method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the surgical site infection rate for clean-contaminated laparotomy operations when pre-operative skin preparation was done with 10% povidone-iodine or with a combination of chlorhexidine, cetrimide (Savlon), and methylated spirit at Jos University Teaching Hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a retrospective study, and patients\u2019 information was accessed from their medical records. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 statistical software. Comparison of qualitative variables was analysed using Fisher\u2019s exact test and quantitative variables with Student\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      test. The level of significance was at 0.05, and the confidence interval of 95% when the surgical site infection (SSI) rates were compared.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy-five patients were enrolled into the study, 36 (48%) were in the povidone-iodine group, while 39 (52%) were in the chlorhexidine group. In all, three (8.3%) patients from the povidone-iodine group developed SSI, while for the chlorhexidine group, it was 3 (7.7%). There was no statistically significant difference in the SSI rate between the two groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.919).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no significant difference in the SSI rate between the povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine method of skin preparation. Hence, either of the two methods could be used for clean-contaminated laparotomies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_52_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:01:27Z","timestamp":1777910487000},"page":"467-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Povidone-Iodine against a Combination of Chlorhexidine, Cetrimide, and Methylated Spirit Skin Preparation for Clean-Contaminated Laparotomy Operations at Jos University Teaching Hospital"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Peter Oyinu","family":"Onuminya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses Ahangba","family":"Adamgbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua Adejo","family":"Okpanachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ossai","family":"Abambah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, MSF Hospital Ganjuwa, Madaki, Bauchi State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iorwuese Joshua","family":"Agbatse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasir","family":"Jibril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Ayedima","family":"Misauno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2012.04.004","article-title":"Interventional studies for preventing surgical site infections in sub-Saharan Africa \u2013 A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Aiken","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"CIT0002-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.088179","article-title":"Health-care-associated infection in Africa: A systematic review","volume":"89","author":"Najed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"CIT0003-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2482-11-21","article-title":"Predictors of surgical site infections among patients undergoing major surgery at Bugando Medical Centre in Northwestern Tanzania","volume":"11","author":"Mawalla","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"key":"CIT0004-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.03.004","article-title":"Impact of surgical site infection on healthcare costs and patient outcomes: A systematic review in six European countries","volume":"96","author":"Badia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"CIT0005-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2013.11.006","article-title":"What really affects surgical site infection rates in general surgery in a developing country?","volume":"7","author":"Alp","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"CIT0006-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(99)70088-X","article-title":"Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. 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