{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:28:18Z","timestamp":1787761698315,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J West Afr Coll Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The hand performs essential functions such as grasping, touching, holding, and manipulating, while also contributing significantly to personal identity and psychological well-being. Partial hand loss compromises both aesthetics and function, often resulting in emotional distress. A well-designed prosthesis can restore the hand\u2019s length, preserve stump sensitivity with a thin interface, protect the residual limb, and offer pressure and positional feedback. While implant-based prostheses yield superior results, their high cost limits accessibility. For transmetacarpal and carpometacarpal amputations, cosmetic gloves remain the most common solution, despite lacking anatomical detail, and colour accuracy. Functional prosthetic fitting at this level is particularly challenging due to limited residual length, stump irregularities, grafted skin, contractures, and a lack of effective options. This case report presents the development of the\n                    <jats:bold>smartwatch technology retained aesthetic prosthesis (STRAP) Hand: A functional and aesthetic innovation<\/jats:bold>\n                    , an inventive solution for prosthetic rehabilitation following a proximal (transmetacarpal) hand amputation. The prosthesis was meticulously fabricated using room temperature vulcanising silicone with intrinsic staining to replicate natural skin tones. Engineered as a hollow, glove-like structure, the design significantly reduced weight and cost while achieving lifelike aesthetics through distinct dorsal and ventral colour matching. A three-part mould technique enabled efficient silicone packing and precise pigment application. In addition, novel sectional wax patterning and flasking protocols were employed to enhance fabrication accuracy. A key innovation of this prosthesis was the incorporation of a silicone smartwatch strap, providing superior retention, comfort, and discreet wearability. The STRAP hand demonstrated excellent fit and passive functionality, and the patient expressed high satisfaction in terms of aesthetics, social reintegration, and ease of performing daily tasks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_74_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T16:00:15Z","timestamp":1775750415000},"page":"343-350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Smartwatch Technology Retained Aesthetic Prosthesis (STRAP) Hand: A Functional and Aesthetic Innovation"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Arpit","family":"Sikri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge and Oral Implantology, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Budh (Baddi), Teh. Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarun","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge and Oral Implantology, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Budh (Baddi), Teh. Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaishali","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indus Hospital, Phase-6, Mohali, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyotsana","family":"Sikri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Budh (Baddi), Teh. Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0003-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.11.005","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of limb loss in the United States: 2005 to 2050","volume":"89","author":"Ziegler-Graham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"CIT0004-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2023.03.003","article-title":"The glossary of prosthodontic terms 2023: Tenth edition","volume":"130","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"CIT0005-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/00008526-199600810-00003","article-title":"Epidemiologic overview of individuals with upper-limb loss and their reported research priorities","volume":"8","author":"Atkins","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Prosthet Orthot"},{"key":"CIT0006-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.08.0161","article-title":"Myoelectric forearm prostheses: State of the art from a user-centered perspective","volume":"48","author":"Peerdeman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"CIT0007-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411920980889","article-title":"Design of a 3D-printed hand prosthesis featuring articulated bio-inspired fingers","volume":"235","author":"Cuellar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng H"},{"key":"CIT0008-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1080\/17483100701714733","article-title":"Consumer design priorities for upper limb prosthetics","volume":"2","author":"Biddiss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"key":"CIT0009-20260608","first-page":"1","article-title":"Applications of deep learning in prosthetics: A review","volume":"17","author":"Schofield","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"CIT0010-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640601061265","article-title":"Results of an internet survey of myoelectric prosthetic hand users","volume":"31","author":"Pylatiuk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"key":"CIT0011-20260608","first-page":"224","article-title":"The five stages of grief","volume":"27","author":"Hall","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Palliat Care"},{"key":"CIT0013-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.05.008","article-title":"Compensatory movements of transradial prosthesis users during common tasks","volume":"23","author":"Carey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"CIT0014-20260608","first-page":"599","article-title":"Unilateral upper limb loss: Satisfaction and prosthetic use in veterans and service members from Vietnam and OIF\/OEF conflicts","volume":"51","author":"McFarland","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"CIT0015-20260608","first-page":"1044","article-title":"Biomechanics of the hand with anatomic considerations","volume":"69","author":"Silva","year":"1989","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"CIT0016-20260608","first-page":"257","article-title":"Psychological impact of prosthesis use on individuals with upper limb amputation: A scoping review","volume":"44","author":"Bouffard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"key":"CIT0017-20260608","first-page":"1","article-title":"Functional evaluation of a low-cost 3D-printed hand prosthesis: A case study","volume":"3","author":"Zuniga","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng"},{"key":"CIT0019-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-006-0124-2","article-title":"Design of a cybernetic hand for perception and action","volume":"95","author":"Carrozza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"CIT0020-20260608","first-page":"78","article-title":"Influence of prosthesis alignment and mass distribution on standing balance","volume":"12","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"CIT0021-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-003-0465-7","article-title":"Die kunsthand: Ein \u00fcberblick \u00fcber die prothetische versorgung der hand [The artificial hand: An overview of hand prostheses]","volume":"32","author":"Matussek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"key":"CIT0022-20260608","first-page":"299","article-title":"Mechanical properties of prosthetic limbs: Adapting to the patient","volume":"38","author":"Klute","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"CIT0023-20260608","first-page":"99","article-title":"The psychosocial impact of aesthetic prostheses for people with congenital limb deficiencies","volume":"32","author":"Wilkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"key":"CIT0024-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2000.jhsu025a0086","article-title":"Osseointegrated finger prosthesis: An alternative method for finger reconstruction","volume":"25","author":"Manurangsee","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"CIT0025-20260608","first-page":"273","article-title":"Optimal circumference reduction of finger models for good prosthetic fit of a thimble-type prosthesis for distal finger amputations","volume":"38","author":"Michael","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"CIT0026-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(96)80103-1","article-title":"Osseointegrated thumb prostheses: A concept for fixation of digit prosthetic devices","volume":"21","author":"Lundborg","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"CIT0027-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/JPO.0b013e318252eba9","article-title":"Experiences and outcomes with powered partial hand prostheses: A case series of subjects with multiple limb amputations","volume":"24","author":"Phillips","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Prosthet Orthot"},{"key":"CIT0028-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.1999.0198","article-title":"Digital prostheses for single finger amputations","volume":"24","author":"Pilley","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"key":"CIT0029-20260608","first-page":"41","article-title":"Cosmetic hand prosthesis: A case report","volume":"34","author":"Buckner","year":"1980","journal-title":"Orthot Prosthet"},{"key":"CIT0030-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(83)80270-6","article-title":"Esthetic hand prostheses","volume":"8","author":"Pillet","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"CIT0031-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(98)70111-8","article-title":"Pigments and their application in maxillofacial elastomers: A literature review","volume":"80","author":"Gary","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"CIT0032-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraf016","article-title":"Motion-mimicking robotic finger prosthesis for burn-induced partial hand amputee: Correspondence","volume":"46","author":"Daungsupawong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"CIT0033-20260608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193408093807","article-title":"Osseointegrated finger prostheses","volume":"34","author":"Doppen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur"}],"container-title":["Journal of West African College of Surgeons"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_74_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:03:24Z","timestamp":1787760204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_74_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_74_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2276-6944","2992-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2276-6944","type":"print"},{"value":"2992-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-29","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}