{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:22:58Z","timestamp":1787840578428,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725235200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J West Afr Coll Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Approximately 80% of ductal carcinoma\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      (DCIS) cases are asymptomatic and manifest as microcalcifications, usually detected on screening mammograms. Stereotactic biopsy is used as the primary modality for histopathologic diagnosis. Ultrasonography has been relied upon as a potentially viable alternative for early breast cancer detection, especially in low- and medium-income countries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine the role and reliability of breast ultrasonography in the evaluation of screen-detected microcalcifications using histologically proven calcified DCIS as a case study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional evaluation of records of patients recalled for M3\u2013M5 (indeterminate to malignant) type microcalcifications on screening mammograms, with a histological diagnosis of pure DCIS, in an NHS Trust Hospital, Kent, England, from March 2021 to April 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty women included were within the age range of 46\u201379 years, with mean age of 60 years. Background breast density was predominantly fatty in 51\/80 (63.8%), without any correlation with mammographic abnormalities. Microcalcifications were classified as indeterminate (M3) in 42\/80 (52.5%), while suspicious (M4) and malignant (M5) types were seen in 38\/80 (47.5%). No targeted sonographic abnormalities were noted in 69 (86.2%) of the patients, while 11 (13.8%) had sonographic abnormalities. The predominant sonographic feature was non-mass hypoechogenicity in 6\/11(55%). There was a correlation between mammographic code, lesion size, and ultrasonic abnormality, with 9\/11 (81.8%) patients with sonographic lesions having suspicious and malignant type calcifications. The mean mammographic lesion size was significantly greater in women with abnormal ultrasound findings, 42 vs. 20\u2009mm. Histological tumour grade was high grade in 10\/11 (90.9%) lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The accuracy of breast ultrasonography as an adjunct in the detection of screen-detected microcalcifications and subsequent guided biopsy is higher when dealing with malignant type microcalcifications &gt;15\u2009mm in size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_8_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T05:12:17Z","timestamp":1725513137000},"page":"164-170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Value of Ultrasonography in Assessment of Screen-Detected Calcified Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Clinical Audit"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ukamaka Dorothy","family":"Itanyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peggy Wood Breast Care Unit, Maidstone Hospital NHS Trust, Hermitage Lane, Maidstone, Kent, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivy","family":"Okereke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peggy Wood Breast Care Unit, Maidstone Hospital NHS Trust, Hermitage Lane, Maidstone, Kent, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2008.49.1.103","article-title":"Non-calcified ductal carcinoma in situ: Ultrasound and mammographic findings correlated with histologic findings","volume":"49","author":"Cho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"CIT0002-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-013-2598-7","article-title":"Clinicopathologic, mammographic, and sonographic features in 1,187 patients with pure ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast by estrogen receptor status","volume":"139","author":"Rauch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"CIT0003-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3273","article-title":"Changes in recall rate, biopsy rate and cancer detection since the introduction of digital mammography","volume":"14","author":"Fyall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"CIT0005-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2325\/jbcs.12.216","article-title":"Ultrasound demonstration of mammographically detected microcalcifications in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast","volume":"12","author":"Nagashima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"key":"CIT0007-20250217","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ultrasound for breast cancer detection globally: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Sood","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Global Oncol"},{"key":"CIT0008-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2009.01.010","article-title":"The Royal College of Radiologists Breast Group breast imaging classification","volume":"64","author":"Maxwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"CIT0009-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(01)00017-3","article-title":"Breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS)","volume":"40","author":"Liberman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"CIT0010-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(03)00203-X","article-title":"Pathological work-up of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer. Review of current data to be considered for the formulation of guidelines","volume":"39","author":"Cserni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"CIT0011-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P40","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3295","article-title":"Use of ultrasound in the assessment of screen-detected malignant microcalcifications","volume":"14","author":"Mvere","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"CIT0012-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.10074","article-title":"Sonographic evaluation of mammographically detected microcalcifications without a mass prior to stereotactic core needle biopsy","volume":"30","author":"Cheung","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"CIT0013-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.3348\/jksr.2021.0082","article-title":"Clinical utility of MicroPure US imaging for breast microcalcifications","volume":"83","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Korean Soc Radiol"},{"key":"CIT0014-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.32552\/0.ActaMedica.409","article-title":"Ultrasonography findings of breast microcalcifications without accompanying mass and evaluation of ultrasound-guided biopsy results","volume":"51","author":"Durhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Medica"},{"key":"CIT0015-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.331125092","article-title":"US appearance of ductal carcinoma in situ","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"CIT0016-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.12221","article-title":"Correlation between sonographic findings and clinicopathologic and biologic features of pure ductal carcinoma in situ in 691 patients","volume":"204","author":"Scoggins","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"CIT0017-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2012.09.003","article-title":"Screening-detected calcified and non-calcified ductal carcinoma in situ: Differences in the imaging and histopathological features","volume":"68","author":"Mun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"CIT0018-20250217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.151","article-title":"The effect of DCIS grade on rate, type and time to recurrence after 15 years of follow-up of screen-detected DCIS","volume":"106","author":"Wallis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Journal of West African College of Surgeons"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_8_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:25:21Z","timestamp":1787837121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_8_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_8_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2276-6944","2992-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2276-6944","type":"print"},{"value":"2992-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}