{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:39:20Z","timestamp":1787841560560,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J West Afr Coll Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical site infection (SSI) is the second most common cause of nosocomial infection, after urinary tract infection. Sequelae of SSI include increased healthcare costs and worse patient outcomes. There is a paucity of research studies on the impact of anaerobic organisms on SSIs in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the role of anaerobic bacteria in SSI encountered at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 438 patients were consecutively recruited into this study from general surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology and paediatric units of the LUTH from 1 July through 31 December 2019. Two surgical wound specimens were collected from all patients with suspected SSIs. One was for anaerobic culture using Brucella blood agar incubated in an anaerobic jar that secured anaerobiosis using the anaerobic gas pack. The other swab was used for aerobic culture on blood agar incubated on air at 37\n                      <jats:sup>o<\/jats:sup>\n                      C. Identifications and antibiotic sensitivity testing were performed according to standard laboratory procedures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall incidence of SSI in the study was 12.3%. The incidence of anaerobic SSI was 1.1%. The distribution of anaerobic infections by medical specialty unit was as follows; general surgery (1.6%), obstetrics and gynaecology (0.8%) and paediatrics (0.9%). Bacteroides species was the only anaerobic isolate. The risk factors associated with the development of SSI by multiple logistic regression analysis were duration of surgery greater than 2\u2009h (OR 1.418; 95% CI 1.834\u20139.286;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.001) and NNIS risk index 2 and 3 \u2013 (OR 2.165; 95% CI 2.366\u201332.086;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of anaerobic SSI was 1.1%. Duration of surgery greater than 2\u2009h and NNIS risk index 2 and 3 were independent predictors of SSI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_91_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T13:01:27Z","timestamp":1723208487000},"page":"166-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of anaerobic bacteria in surgical site infections in Lagos University Teaching Hospital"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Stella Tochukwu","family":"Chukwuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olanrewaju Samuel","family":"Balogun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, College of Medicine\/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oyinlola O.","family":"Oduyebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine\/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip O.","family":"Oshun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine\/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chioma S.","family":"Osuagwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine\/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent O.","family":"Rotimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection Control and Patient Safety, College of Medicine\/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(08)60017-1","article-title":"Surgical site infections: epidemiology, microbiology and prevention","volume":"70","author":"Owens","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"CIT0002-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1086\/501620","article-title":"Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection","volume":"20","author":"Mangram","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Control Epidemiol"},{"key":"CIT0003-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-2994-3-25","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of surgical site infections following caesarean sections at Bugando Medical 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Emerging Challenge","volume":"2016","author":"Merchan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0024-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-1703-4","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterotoxigenic extra-intestinal Bacteroides fragilis among 13-year collection of isolates in Kuwait","volume":"20","author":"Jamal","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"CIT0025-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0624-1","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in Belgium as determined by E-test methodology","volume":"28","author":"Glupczynski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0026-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3396\/ijic.v8i4.035.12","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection in a tertiary health institution in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria","volume":"8","author":"Nwankwo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Infect Control"},{"key":"CIT0027-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2482-11-21","article-title":"Predictors of surgical site infections among patients undergoing major surgery at Bugando Medical Centre in Northwestern Tanzania","volume":"11","author":"Mawalla","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of West African College of 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