{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:38:07Z","timestamp":1793367487998,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J West Afr Coll Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Posterior scalp defects are trivial defects to reconstruct due to the location, defect size, exposed calvaria\/implants, and lack of local tissue. They are also pressure-bearing areas. These require optimal reconstruction for adequate postoperative functional outcomes with less complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we collected data of our operated patients (four patients) involving posterior scalp and neck defects of varying etiologies like acne keloidalis nuchae, dermatofibrosarcoma, postoperative implant exposure, and trichilemmal carcinoma, all of which were managed using a pedicled lower trapezius myocutaneous flap. The details of the patient, procedure, and outcome were tabularised in the results section.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients underwent optimal coverage of defects with trapezius myocutaneous flap reconstruction. Three patients had uneventful recoveries, and one developed wound infection and dehiscence, which was effectively managed with negative pressure wound therapy and secondary suturing. No major flap-related complications or functional deficits in the trapezius muscle were noted. Patients remained asymptomatic and satisfied during follow-up periods of up to 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite advancement of microsurgical techniques and ease of performing microsurgery, the lower trapezius myocutaneous flap has its merits as a suitable alternative to free tissue transfer for coverage of posterior scalp and neck defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_96_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T16:00:24Z","timestamp":1775750424000},"page":"397-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pedicled Myocutaneous Trapezius Flap Reconstruction for Scalp and Back Defects: Our Experience of Management"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jiten K.","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valsalan","family":"Abhijith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamendra A.","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jalaz J.","family":"Rahmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2016.43.6.529","article-title":"The trapezius muscle flap: A viable alternative for posterior scalp and neck reconstruction","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Plastic Surge"},{"key":"CIT0002-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2017.03.006","article-title":"Trapezius perforator flap for reconstruction of a posterior cervical defect","volume":"8","author":"Nascimento","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Orthopaedics Trauma"},{"key":"CIT0003-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2890060114","article-title":"The lower trapezius myocutaneous flap for head and neck reconstruction","volume":"6","author":"Dinner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"CIT0004-20261030","first-page":"1","article-title":"Upper and lower trapezius flaps for head and neck reconstruction","author":"Pipkorn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Access Atlas of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Operative Surgery. University of Cape Town."},{"key":"CIT0006-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880070032006","article-title":"The superior trapezius myocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction","volume":"118","author":"Aviv","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"CIT0007-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198167020-00003","article-title":"The lateral trapezius musculocutaneous flap: Its use in head and neck reconstruction","volume":"67","author":"Guillamondegui","year":"1981","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"CIT0008-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.47210\/bjohns.2018.v26i2.198","article-title":"Reconstruction of head and neck defects with lower trapezius myocutaneus flap","volume":"26","author":"Mozumder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bengal J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"CIT0009-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1544123","article-title":"Lower trapezius flap for reconstruction of posterior scalp and neck defects after complex occipital-cervical surgeries","volume":"76","author":"Zenga","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"CIT0010-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3400677","article-title":"Revisiting the trapezius flap as a reconstructive option for cervico-occipital and thoracic spine regions","volume":"52","author":"Ravikiran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Plastic Surg"},{"key":"CIT0011-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2012.39.6.626","article-title":"Reconstruction of the head and neck region using lower trapezius musculocutaneous flaps","volume":"39","author":"Yoon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"key":"CIT0012-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(81)90024-2","article-title":"The use of lower trapezius myocutaneous island flaps in head and neck reconstruction","volume":"34","author":"Yoshimura","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"CIT0013-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.5336\/medsci.2023-100966","article-title":"Delayed lower trapezius myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of posterior scalp defects: A retrospective study","volume":"44","author":"Erdal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci"},{"key":"CIT0014-20261030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s002380050228","article-title":"The pear-shaped modification of the lower trapezius flap","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"2000","journal-title":"E J Plastic Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of West African College of Surgeons"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_96_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:00:26Z","timestamp":1793365226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_96_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_96_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2276-6944","2992-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2276-6944","type":"print"},{"value":"2992-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-06","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-02","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}