{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T04:56:18Z","timestamp":1793768178342,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"118","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although it is known that sound exposure evokes changes in autonomic activity, the effects of noise and music on the nonlinear behavior of heart rate fluctuations remain poorly understood and controversial. This study aims to assess the influence of sound subjective emotional valence and arousal on the nonlinear characteristics of the autonomic nervous system during passive listening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, 42 subjects listened to four sounds: (1) white noise, (2) road traffic noise, (3) excitatory music, and (4) a lullaby. The experiment consisted of two consecutive sessions: 5 minutes of rest, followed by 5 minutes of listening. RR intervals were recorded during both sessions. The following linear and nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV) indices were computed: Standard deviation of NN (SDNN), The root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD), F, high frequency (HF), approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn), correlation dimension (D2), Poincar\u00e9 plot indices (SD1, SD2), fractal scaling exponents (alpha1, alpha2), and recurrence plot indices (mean line length [Lmean], maximum line length [Lmax], determinism [DET], laminarity [LAM], maximal vertical length [Vmax], trapping time [TT], Shannon entropy of line length distribution [ShanEn]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Excitatory music was associated with a significant decrease in SDNN (from 47.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.59 to 38.31\u2009\u00b1\u20093.16,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01), RMSSD (from 51.07\u2009\u00b1\u20094.75 to 42.53\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), HF (from 1516.26\u2009\u00b1\u2009245.74 to 884.07\u2009\u00b1\u2009183.44,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and low frequency (LF; from 973.33\u2009\u00b1\u2009176.09 to 760.28\u2009\u00b1\u2009150.35,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Excitatory music exposure induced significant increases in DET (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01), SD1 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), and SD2 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), but changes in detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), SampEn, and D2 were nonsignificant. Traffic noise, white noise, and the lullaby did not cause significant changes in the measures of HRV.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Presentation of excitatory music that evokes strong negative emotions elicits a prominent decrease in respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Poincar\u00e9 plot and recurrence plot measures possess high sensitivity to excitatory music. Contrary to previous studies, we did not find the effects of relaxing music on HRV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/nah.nah_15_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T06:20:43Z","timestamp":1703658043000},"page":"165-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Effect of Auditory Stimulation on the Nonlinear Dynamics of Heart Rate"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Dmitri","family":"Dimitriev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Indeykina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksey","family":"Dimitriev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R3-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/0305735604046096","article-title":"Intense emotional responses to music: a test of the physiological arousal hypothesis","volume":"32","author":"Rickard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Music"},{"key":"R4-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.1.3.300","article-title":"Emotion and motivation II: sex differences in picture processing","volume":"1","author":"Bradley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"R7-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2010.03.010","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: a review","volume":"84","author":"Kreibig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"R8-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.140507","article-title":"Effects of different \u201crelaxing\u201d music styles on the autonomic nervous system","volume":"16","author":"P\u00e9rez-Lloret","year":"2014","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"R9-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00222","article-title":"The effect of heart rate on the heart rate variability response to autonomic interventions","volume":"4","author":"Billman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"R10-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1997.85.1.287","article-title":"Effects of excitative and sedative music on subjective and physiological relaxation","volume":"85","author":"Iwanaga","year":"1997","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"R11-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/jmt\/34.1.33","article-title":"The effects of heavy metal music on arousal and anger","volume":"34","author":"Gowensmith","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Music Ther"},{"key":"R12-5-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/102986490500900205","article-title":"Sensation seeking, music preference, and psychopysiological reactivity to music","volume":"9","author":"Nater","year":"2005","journal-title":"Musicae Scientiae"},{"key":"R13-5-20240908","first-page":"17","article-title":"Effects of classical and heavy metal music on the cardiovascular system and brain activity in healthy students. 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