{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:00:26Z","timestamp":1784890826032,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"132","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining workplace noise-risk classification with a hearing protection program to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL).\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This retrospective cohort study included 400 male noise\u2011exposed workers from an automotive manufacturing company. Based on workshop\u2011level protection strategies implemented by the company, participants were assigned to either a control group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009200, traditional measures) or an observation group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009200, risk classification plus standardized hearing protection). Outcomes assessed at the end of 2023 included proper personal protective equipment use, average noise exposure, speech-\/high\u2011frequency hearing loss, high\u2011frequency standard threshold shift (STS), and ONIHL incidence. Statistical comparisons were performed using independent\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                    tests,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c72<\/jats:italic>\n                    tests, and logistic regression.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.05). At follow\u2011up, the observation group showed significantly better outcomes (all\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05): higher personal protective equipment compliance (87.50% versus 63.00%), lower noise exposure (86.26\u2009\u00b1\u20091.99 versus 88.72\u2009\u00b1\u20091.77 dB(A)), and lower rates of speech\u2011frequency hearing loss (20.00% versus 52.50%), high\u2011frequency hearing loss (35.00% versus 65.00%), high\u2011frequency STS (5.00% versus 20.00%), and ONIHL (1.00% versus 5.50%). Job-type subgroup analyses indicated a significant protective effect in stamping (STS: 3.85% versus 15.00%,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u20090.017), but not in welding (4.48% versus 13.85%,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u20090.061); machining showed a significant reduction (3.64% versus 14.55%,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u20090.047).\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The integrated strategy was associated with improved protection compliance, reduced noise exposure, and lower hearing loss rates. However, due to the non\u2011randomized, workshop\u2011level assignment, causal inferences should be made cautiously. Prospective studies are needed to confirm causality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/nah.nah_48_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:00:09Z","timestamp":1783569609000},"page":"640-647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of Workplace Noise-risk Classification with Hearing Protection in Preventing Occupational Hearing Loss"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"XuanYu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Office, Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases (Affiliated Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases of University of South China), Changsha, Hunan, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LianGong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Examination Room, Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases (Affiliated Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases of University of South China), Changsha, Hunan, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260724","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062347","article-title":"Noise-induced hearing loss","volume":"12","author":"Natarajan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R2-20260724","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_163_23","article-title":"Burden and risk factors of occupational noise-induced hearing loss among employees working at an international airport in eastern India","volume":"28","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R3-20260724","first-page":"278","article-title":"Occupational noise-induced hearing loss in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Etemadinezhad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"R4-20260724","first-page":"683","article-title":"Association between simultaneous occurrence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss and noise-induced vestibular dysfunction: A systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Nadri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"R5-20260724","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ldaf020","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldaf020","article-title":"A review of occupational noise-induced hearing loss: focus on mechanisms and preventive measures","volume":"156","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"R6-20260724","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5531","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-024-05025-8","article-title":"Investigation of noise induced hearing loss among power loom industry workers in Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"76","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R7-20260724","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1769498","article-title":"Noise exposure and hearing loss among workers at a Hammer Forge Company","volume":"44","author":"Brueck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Hear"},{"key":"R8-20260724","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-021-02069-y","article-title":"Occupational health, safety and environmental risk assessment in textile production industry through a Bayesian BWM-VIKOR approach","volume":"36","author":"Ak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess"},{"key":"R9-20260724","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37878","article-title":"Progress and recommendations of developing occupational exposure limits for noise \u2212 A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"R10-20260724","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1769499","article-title":"Preventing occupational hearing loss: 50 years of research and recommendations from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","volume":"44","author":"Themann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Hear"},{"key":"R12-20260724","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469580221142486","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580221142486","article-title":"Analysis of noise exposure level and influencing factors of small and micro-scale enterprises in Beijing, China","volume":"59","author":"Aihua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"key":"R14-20260724","article-title":"Occupational noise exposure,29C","volume":"95","year":"1910","journal-title":"F. 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