{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:25:03Z","timestamp":1787765103233,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"117","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to aircraft noise on the cognitive functions of Korean elementary school students attending an elementary school around a military airfield and clarified the relationship between noise exposure and cognitive functions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five schools with average weight equivalent continuous perceived noise levels (WECPNL) of \u226575\u2009dB were selected from four regions in Korea. Each of these schools was matched with a non-exposed school. The Korean Intelligence Test Primary (KIT-P) was used to measure the scores of four subcategories and the intelligence quotient (IQ). The noise exposure groups were divided into high-exposure (WECPNL\u2009\u2265\u200980\u2009dB) and medium-exposure (75\u2009\u2264\u2009WECPNL\u2009&lt;\u200980) groups. The period of exposure during the school year was collected. A linear mixed model, with matched pairs of schools, was used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the multivariable linear mixed model adjusted by possible confounders, the reasoning score was significantly lower in the high-exposure group of students than in the no-exposure group. Other scores and IQ were lower in the noise exposure groups, although these were not statistically significant. The duration of exposure did not show a significant relationship with cognitive functions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic exposure to noise from military airfields may influence the cognitive functions, thereby reducing the learning performance of Korean children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/nah.nah_71_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T06:19:32Z","timestamp":1703657972000},"page":"83-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Impact of Aircraft Noise on the Cognitive Function of Elementary School Students in Korea"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kiook","family":"Baek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chulyong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon","family":"Sakong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66660-3","article-title":"Aircraft and road traffic noise and children\u2019s cognition and health: a cross-national study","volume":"365","author":"Stansfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106961","article-title":"Association between community noise and children\u2019s cognitive and behavioral development: a prospective cohort study","volume":"158","author":"Raess","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"R3-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00578","article-title":"Does noise affect learning? A short review on noise effects on cognitive performance in children","volume":"4","author":"Klatte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"R4-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.104896","article-title":"A 3 year update on the influence of noise on performance and behavior","volume":"14","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"R5-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00578","article-title":"Does noise affect learning? A short review on noise effects on cognitive performance in children","volume":"4","author":"Klatte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"R7-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2012.05.005","article-title":"Traffic noise and executive functioning in urban primary school children: the moderating role of gender","volume":"32","author":"Belojevic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Environ Psychol"},{"key":"R8-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.70503","article-title":"The effects of road traffic and aircraft noise exposure on children\u2019s episodic memory: The RANCH Project","volume":"12","author":"Matheson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"R9-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916516642580","article-title":"Effects of aircraft noise on reading and quality of life in primary school children in Germany: results from the NORAH study","volume":"49","author":"Klatte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Behav"},{"key":"R10-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2014-0006","article-title":"Effect of external classroom noise on schoolchildren\u2019s reading and mathematics performance: correlation of noise levels and gender","volume":"27","author":"Papanikolaou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Med Health"},{"key":"R11-3-20240908","first-page":"31","article-title":"Nonauditory effects of noise on children: a critical review","volume":"10","author":"Evans","year":"1993","journal-title":"Children\u2019s Environ"},{"key":"R12-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2021.101646","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the association of aircraft noise at school on children\u2019s reading comprehension and psychological health for use in health impact assessment","volume":"76","author":"Clark","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Environ Psychol"},{"key":"R13-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106905","article-title":"Noise pollution and human cognition: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of recent evidence","volume":"158","author":"Thompson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"R14-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.129739","article-title":"Aircraft noise, like heat stress, causes cognitive impairments via similar mechanisms in male mice","volume":"274","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"R15-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(03)00076-8","article-title":"Motivational consequences of environmental stress","volume":"24","author":"Evans","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Environ Psychol"},{"key":"R16-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2000.15.1-2.43","article-title":"Noise and health in the urban environment","volume":"15","author":"Stansfeld","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"key":"R17-3-20240908","first-page":"5","article-title":"Health effects caused by noise: evidence in the literature from the past 25 years","volume":"6","author":"Ising","year":"2004","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"R19-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.70503","article-title":"The effects of road traffic and aircraft noise exposure on children\u2019s episodic memory: The RANCH Project","volume":"12","author":"Matheson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"R20-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.102963","article-title":"The impact of aircraft noise exposure on South African children\u2019s reading comprehension: The moderating effect of home language","volume":"14","author":"Seabi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"R23-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"010502","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2021.010502","article-title":"Sample size, power and effect size revisited: simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies","volume":"31","author":"Serdar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb"},{"key":"R24-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20143705","article-title":"Sample size: how many participants do I need in my research?","volume":"89","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Mesa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anais brasileiros de dermatologia"},{"key":"R26-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.35371\/kjoem.2009.21.2.131","article-title":"Relationship between blood lead concentration and neurobehavioral function of children","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R27-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.04.007","article-title":"Linear and non-linear EEG analysis of adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder during a cognitive task","volume":"121","author":"Sohn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol Pract"},{"key":"R28-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115101","article-title":"The impact of confounder selection criteria on effect estimation","volume":"129","author":"Mickey","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R31-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916597295003","article-title":"Chronic noise exposure and reading deficits: the mediating effects of language acquisition","volume":"29","author":"Evans","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Behav"},{"key":"R32-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701003282","article-title":"Chronic aircraft noise exposure, stress responses, mental health and cognitive performance in school children","volume":"31","author":"Haines","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R33-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00483","article-title":"A prospective study of some effects of aircraft noise on cognitive performance in schoolchildren","volume":"13","author":"Hygge","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"R34-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00578","article-title":"Does noise affect learning? A short review on noise effects on cognitive performance in children","volume":"4","author":"Klatte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"R35-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws012","article-title":"Does traffic-related air pollution explain associations of aircraft and road traffic noise exposure on children\u2019s health and cognition? A secondary analysis of the United Kingdom Sample from the RANCH Project","volume":"176","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R38-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1986.tb02214.x","article-title":"The effects of noise, cognitive set and gender on mental arithmetic performance","volume":"77","author":"Gulian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Psychol"},{"key":"R39-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.181995","article-title":"Moderators of noise-induced cognitive change in healthy adults","volume":"18","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"R40-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.56.2.139","article-title":"Multilevel modelling of aircraft noise on performance tests in schools around Heathrow Airport London","volume":"56","author":"Haines","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"R43-3-20240908","first-page":"145","article-title":"Chronic aircraft noise exposure and sustained attention, continuous performance and cognition in children","volume":"18","author":"MH lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"R44-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15633","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315633","article-title":"Noise Indicators Relating to Non-Auditory Health Effects in Children\u2014A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"19","author":"Terzakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"key":"R46-3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.5050\/KSNVE.2021.31.6.654","article-title":"Possible improvements to the military airfields and military firing ranges noise prevention and compensation act","volume":"31","author":"Joung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans Korean Soc Noise Vib Eng"}],"container-title":["Noise and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/nah.nah_71_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:57:15Z","timestamp":1787763435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/nah.nah_71_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"117","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/nah.nah_71_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-1741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-1741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}}}