{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:21:35Z","timestamp":1787775695965,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"110","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For many young people, exposure to music from personal audio system use may represent a significant component of daily noise dose. Moreover, there is increasing concern for the hearing of those who listen at high volumes. The purpose of this study was to determine the noise levels experienced on commuter buses, and to investigate how these impact on the volume-setting behavior of young adult personal audio system users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A questionnaire was used to probe transport use, personal audio system-listening behaviors and the extent of understanding about noise-induced hearing loss. The influence of bus noise on volume-setting behavior was determined by measuring, in a lab setting, the sound-level preferences of participants when listening to their favorite song, a generic song, or a podcast in the absence and presence of various levels of bus noise, simulated using output-adjusted recordings made of bus noise. Statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the bus noise itself was below 85\u2009dB Leq, as the sound level of the buses increased, so did the percentage of commuters who were found to exceed the equivalent of 8 hours of exposure at 85\u2009dB Leq.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investment in buses with lower noise levels or the use of noise-canceling or noise-occluding headphones would help to reduce the likelihood of noise-induced hearing loss for bus commuters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/nah.nah_81_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T02:05:09Z","timestamp":1725761109000},"page":"87-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The contribution of personal audio system use and commuting by bus on daily noise dose"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kim N.","family":"Dirks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Le Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"McBride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-4-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20223","article-title":"The global burden of occupational noise-induce hearing loss","volume":"48","author":"Nelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"R3-4-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14077","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2845-09.2009","article-title":"Adding insult to injury: cochlear nerve degeneration after \u201ctemporary\u201d noise-induced hearing loss","volume":"29","author":"Kujawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R4-4-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00164.2013","article-title":"Noise-induced cochlear neuropathy is selective for fibers with low spontaneous rates","volume":"110","author":"Furman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"R5-4-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162726","article-title":"Toward a differential diagnosis of hidden hearing loss in humans","volume":"11","author":"Liberman","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R6-4-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2019.02.016","article-title":"The search for noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy in humans: Mission impossible?","volume":"377","author":"Bramhall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"R7-4-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1606324","article-title":"Personal listening devices in Australia: patterns of use and levels of risk","volume":"38","author":"Gilliver","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Hear"},{"key":"R8-4-20240908","first-page":"885","article-title":"Listening to music with earphones: an assessment of noise exposure","volume":"82","author":"Airo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Acust United Acust"},{"key":"R9-4-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-9209(03)00019-1","article-title":"Interior noise profiles of buses in Curitiba","volume":"8","author":"Zannin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trans Res Transp Environ"},{"key":"R10-4-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-18462011005000115","article-title":"Evaluating noise exposure levels inside the buses for urban transport in the city of Itajuba-MG, Brazil","volume":"14","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev CEFAC"},{"key":"R11-4-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2018.04.003","article-title":"Particulate air pollution and noise: assessing commuter exposure in Africa\u2019s most populous city","volume":"9","author":"Okokon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Trans Health"},{"key":"R12-4-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1080\/00207233.2019.1644035","article-title":"Application of regression models to assess bus interior noise in Dhaka City","volume":"76","author":"Ahamed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Env Studies"},{"key":"R13-4-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31817e7409","article-title":"Young adults use and output level settings of personal music systems","volume":"29","author":"Torre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"R15-4-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3180479399","article-title":"The effects of listening environment and earphone style on preferred listening levels of normal hearing adults using an MP3 player","volume":"28","author":"Hodgetts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ear Hear"}],"container-title":["Noise and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/nah.NAH_81_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:39:21Z","timestamp":1787773161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/nah.NAH_81_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"110","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/nah.nah_81_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-1741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-1741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}}}